CRIMNIAL JUSTICE TEST

What type of facility would Steve be housed in after being sentenced to 6 months incarceration for a misdemeanor drunk driving offense?

He would be housed in a jail.

What is a feature of a jail?

It is a short-term holding facility for unsentenced offenders.

What is a feature of a prison?

The majority of convicted felons serve their sentences there.

What are facilities designed to hold convicted felons for a duration of 1 year or more known as?

They are known as prisons.

What factor has contributed to recent trends in jail and prison populations?

States enacting legislation intended to reduce prison populations to save costs.

According to Michelle Alexander, what is the primary cause of the disproportionately high incarceration rates of people of color in the United States?

The 'War on Drugs'.

What organization type of correctional organization emphasizes the caretaker functions of controlling and observing inmates?

Custodial.

Which correctional organization emphasizes rehabilitation of inmates?

Treatment.

Why may contemporary prisons not apply the same stigmatizing effects to all offenders as in the past?

Many of the offenders’ family and friends have also been to prison.

What type of prison classification determines an inmate’s level of supervision and types of privileges?

Custody.

What classification category is used for an inmate who poses a highsecurity threat, like Joe, who killed another inmate?

Security.

How is the classification of inmates’ housing needs determined now?

Inmates are assigned to live with prisoners similar to themselves based on an internal classification.

What are two areas where correctional staff must make classification decisions of inmates?

The inmate’s level of physical restraint and their custody grade.

What is the main difference between the two philosophies regarding correctional organizations?

One emphasizes control of inmates, the other emphasizes rehabilitation of inmates.

What is the second condition under which incarceration works as a punishment?

The offender’s social standing is injured by the punishment.

What describes Michael's situation after finishing a sentence for felony drug possession in Kentucky?

Racialized social control.

What are the two management subsystems utilized by correctional institutions?

Managing correctional employees and delivering services to an offender population.

What type of inmate classification is Mary undergoing when determining vocational training?

Program.

What term describes a prison classification that breaks the prison into manageable sections?

Unit management.

What does an inmate's custody grade indicate?

It is synonymous with their level of supervision.

Who is the chief administrator of a federal penitentiary or state prison?

The warden.

Which department is usually the largest in a prison?

The security department.

What term describes the use of inmates to produce goods or provide services for a public agency?

Prison industries.

What distinguishes minimum security institutions from low security institutions?

The staff-to-inmate ratio is higher in low security institutions.

What is Rachel's security level based on features like reinforced walls and the highest staff-to-inmate ratio?

High security.

What type of prison rarely allows social interaction among inmates?

Supermax.

What is a concern regarding supermax prisons?

Lack of access to others for social or group activities.

What distinguishes supermax prisons from high-security prisons?

Supermax prisons allow no social activity of any kind.

Which philosophy do supermax prisons exemplify?

Custodial.

What court case concluded that supermax prisons are not suitable for inmates with serious mental illnesses?

Jones-El v. Berge.

What describes a correctional institution that is publicly owned but operated by a private company?

Private prison.

Who is most likely to be detained in private prisons?

Immigrant detainees.

What design features reflect new-generation jails?

Padded carpets and movable furniture.

What is a goal of new generation/direct supervision jails?

Reduce the trauma of incarceration.

How do local jails consider rehabilitation programs?

As secondary goals.

What is the term for a low security level inmate?

Trusty.

What was created in response to inmate lawsuits regarding deplorable conditions?

New generation/direct supervision jails.

What is the impact of the 1984 Justice Assistance Act?

It removed restrictions on interstate commerce of prisoner-made goods.

What is the benefit of providing privileges for inmates in new generation jails?

It increases good behavior and reduces idleness.

What is an outcome of correctional institutions transitioning to video visitation systems?

Reduced risk of contraband.

What are the purposes of technologies in correctional facilities?

To improve safety, efficiency, and effectiveness.

What kind of problem is associated with inmates gaining possession of cell phones?

They can arrange for assassination and harassment of victims.

How do jails and prisons differ?

They are essentially different, with distinguishing features.