Bio 1500 Schul Mizzou Exam 4

circular

the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are ________ in regards to carbon

build natural things

carbon products of photosynthesis are used to ________________

decomposition and respiration

in what ways do plants and animals return carbon back into the environment (2 ways)

lots of photosynthesis, burial of carbon

name the two reasons for an imbalance in the carbon cycle leading to an increased O2 level during the carboniferous

lignin

what product caused the burial of carbon during the carboniferous

drier climate, decomposition facilitated by sandy sediments, fungi evolved to break down lignin

what are 3 hypothesized reasons for decline in O2 during the late permian period

reduction of photosynthesis

what did a drier climate during the late permian period cause

reduced burial of carbon

what did the decomposition of lignin cause

O2 levels

what drops as more carbon enters cellular respiration

more carbon burial

more lignin = __________________

less O2

more carbon burial = ____________

less carbon burial

lignin decomposition = _____________

more O2

less carbon burial =______________

CO2 in the air

where does most of the matter in organic carbons come from

molecular

involving structure or behavior of molecules

molecular

identify at which level this process occurs: genes and alleles

molecular

identify at which level this process occurs: organic molecules

molecular

identify at which level this process occurs: channel proteins

molecular

identify at which level this process occurs: ion gradients

molecular

identify at which level this process occurs: DNA structure

cellular

processes performed by cells

cellular

identify at which level this process occurs: cellular respiration

cellular

identify at which level this process occurs: fermentation

cellular

identify at which level this process occurs: photosynthesis

cellular

identify at which level this process occurs: diffusion

cellular

identify at which level this process occurs: ATP synthase

cellular

identify at which level this process occurs: Energy

cellular

identify at which level this process occurs: role of gradients

cellular

identify at which level this process occurs: organelles

cellular

identify at which level this process occurs: prokaryotes v. eukaryotes

organismal

physiology of plants, animals, fungi, etc. - how they work

organismal

identify at which level this process occurs: dragonfly size

organismal

identify at which level this process occurs: respiratory system

organismal

identify at which level this process occurs: insect respiration

organismal

identify at which level this process occurs: phenotypes

ecological

interactions between species or between organisms and environment

ecological

identify at which level this process occurs: O2 selection on body size

ecological

identify at which level this process occurs: species interaction

ecological

identify at which level this process occurs: predation

ecological

identify at which level this process occurs: decomposition

ecological

identify at which level this process occurs: fungi breaking down lignin

ecological

identify at which level this process occurs: carbon cycle

ecological

identify at which level this process occurs: fluctuation of O2 level

ecological

identify at which level this process occurs: coal formation

evolutionary

topics related to change over time

evolutionary

identify at which level this process occurs: natural selection

evolutionary

identify at which level this process occurs: selection of body size

evolutionary

identify at which level this process occurs: deep time

evolutionary

identify at which level this process occurs: allele frequencies

evolutionary

identify at which level this process occurs: history of life

8846 meters

recall the elevation of Mt. Everest

death zone

the zone above 8000m. O2 level is only 1/3 of sea level meaning that the body uses up oxygen faster than it can replenish it

india and mongolia

what are the places Bar Headed Geese migrate between

they fly above the himalayas

what is remarkable about the migration of Bar Headed Geese

inhalation

brings air inside

O2 diffusion to RBC

what occurs after inhalation

hemoglobin

what does O2 bind to

O2 released from hemoglobin

what happens in order for O2 to be diffused to cells

cellular respiration

what process is O2 used in during the process of respiration

hemoglobin

what is CO2 dissolved in after cellular respiration

blood

what is used to transport CO2 and non oxygenated RBC back to the lung

exhalation

CO2 diffusion into air

gas exchange

gas crossing respiratory surfaces (O2 into the bloodstream)

tidal volume

the amount of air that moves in or out of the lungs with each respiratory cycle

vital capacity

max volume of air inhaled and exhaled when breathing hard

alveoli

tiny air sacs at the end of bronchioles. where gas exchange takes place. huge surface area

ventilation

breathing

close contact of air and blood, large surface area, capillary network runs on outside of alveoli

what makes diffusion within alveoli so affective

2 cells

what is the thickness separating RBC and air

high to low

diffusion moves O2 and CO2 from _______________ concentrations

air to blood

which way does O2 move

blood to air

which way does CO2 move

hemoglobin

what does O2 bind to in RBC

lungs, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

what are the 6 respiratory organs

lungs

one of a pair of organs in the chest that supplies the body with O2, and removes CO2 from body

trachea

airway that leads from larynx to bronchi

bronchi

large air passages that lead from trachea to lungs

bronchioles

tiny branch of air tubes in the lungs

alveolar ducts

narrow ending of bronchioles that opens into a cluster of alveoli

capillary network around alveoli

where gas exchange from air goes into RBC

residual lung volume

air in your lungs that is not exchanged

keeps alveoli open, allows for continual gas exchange to occur between breaths

what is the purpose of residual lung volume

21 kPa

atmospheric PO2 at sea level

.04 kPa

atmospheric PCO2 at sea level

12 kPa

PO2 in lungs

5 kPa

PCO2 in lungs

residual lung volume is mostly CO2

why is the PCO2 in lungs much higher than in atmosphere

your body is using the gases, air is humidified in lungs, CO2 is mixing with O2, mixing of used air with fresh air in lungs

what are some reasons for the large difference between atmospheric and lung partial pressure values

yes

is the composition of air the same at all atmospheric levels

atmospheric pressure is less

why is there different partial pressures at different atmospheric levels

100 kPa

atmospheric pressure at sea level

78 kPa

PN2 at sea level

33\.7 kPa

atmospheric level in himalayas

26 kPa

PN2 in himalayas

7 kPa

PO2 in himalayas

.01 kPa

PCO2 in himalayas

concentration of gas

percentage of air made up of that gas

partial pressure

concentration times atmospheric pressure

alpha carbon in middle, carbon backbone, connected by peptide bonds

what are three similarities between amino acids

R group, folding/interaction, structures

what are three differences between amino acids