Kinesiology test 2

What is the base for the entire upper body extremity?

shoulder girdle

what is the only attachment of the upper extremity to the axial skeleton

scapula and its attachment through clavicle at sternoclavicular joint

1

acromion process

2

coracoid process

3

gelnoid cavity (fossa)

4

lateral (axillary) border

5

manubrium

6

medial (vertebral) border

7

inferior angle

1

acromion process

2

coracoid process

3

glenoid cavity (fossa)

4

lateral (axillary) border

5

inferior angle

6

superior angle

7

spine of scapula

8

medial (vertebral) border

9

acromion process

10

glenoid cavity (fossa)

11

lateral (axillary) border

12

inferior angle

1

acromial end

2

sternal end 

what does the scapula move on

rib cage

shoulder girdle joint motion occurs on

sternoclavicular joint and to a lesar amount at the acromioclavicular joint

how many axis does sternoclavicular have and classification

multiaxial arthroidal

movements of clavicle in relation to the manubrium

protraction, retraction, elevation, depression, some slight rotary gliding movements

ligamaents of sternoclavicular joint

anteriorly by the anterior SC ligament

Posteriorly by the posterior SC ligament

acromioclavicular joint classifcation

arthroidal 

acromioclavicular joint motions

gliding and rotational motion accompanying other shoulder girdle and shoulder joint motions

acromioclavicular joint supported by

coracoclavicular liagament, superior AC ligrament, inferior AC ligament

Is scapulothoracic a true synovial joint

no

what does the scapulothoracic joint depend on to move

SC and AC joints

scapulothoracic joint movements

abduction and adducation, upward and downward roatation, elevation and depression

scapulothoracic joint upported by

its muscles, no ligaments

shoulder girdle muscles functions

◦Stabilize scapula so the shoulder joint muscles will have a stable base from which to exert force for moving the humerus

◦Contract to maintain scapula in a relatively static position during shoulder joint actions

◦Assist with extreme ranges of motion in the shoulder

how far does humerus move without scapula movement

90 degrees

where do the muscles of the shoulder girdle origniate and insert

originate on the axial skeleton and insert in scapula and/or clavicle

muscles of shoulder girdle actions

•Essential in providing dynamic stability of the scapula so it can serve as a relative base of support for shoulder joint activities such as throwing, batting, & blocking

scapula muscles actions

◦Important in spinal posture

◦Important to maintain lumbar lordosis & keep head over trunk in balanced position

◦Good posture enhances easier inspiration

what is upper cross syndrome and what do the muscles do

contributes ti kyphosis (hunchback)

less functional posisition of the glenohumeral joint

inhibited neck flexors, rhomboids, serratus anterior

tight upper trapizus, levator scapula, pectorals

name the 5 primary muscles of the shoulder girdle

trapieius

romboid

levator scapula

serratus anterior

pectoralis minor

seratus anterior orgin, inerstion, action

o: surface of upper 9 ribs

i: anterior aspect of medial border of scaula

a: abduction, upward rotation

helps with pushups, punching, pushing

pectoralis minor orgin, insertion, action

o: anterior surface of ribs 3-5

i: coracoid process

a: abduction, downward rotation, depression

trapezius orgin, insertion, action

o: base of skull → 12th thoracic vertebrae

i: lateral clavicle → acromion process → scapular spine

a: upper fibers: Elevation and extension of the head

Middle fibers: Elevation addiction, and upper rotation

Lowerw fibers: Adduction, depression, upward rotation

Rhomboid orgin, insertion, action

o: Spinous processes of C7-T5 

I: Medial border of scapula, below spine

A: Adduction, downward rotation, elevation

Levator scapulae orgin, insertion, action

o: Cervical vertebrae 1-4

I: Medial border from superior angle to spine

A: Elevation

what nerves innervated shoulder girdle muscles and vertebrae its on

Cervical and brachial plexus (C5-8, T1)

Muscles responsible for scapula abduction (protraction)

(push up, bench press)

Pectoralis minor

Serratus anterior

Scapula addiction (retraction) muscles 

Middle/lower trapezius

Rhomboids 

scapula upward rotation muscles

Middle/lower trapezius

Serratus anterior

(overhead press, throwinging, spiking)

scapula downward rotation muscles

(Lat pull down, pull up)

Pecotralis minor

Rhomboids 

scapula elevation muscles

(shoulder shrug)

Levator scapulae

Upper/middle trapezius

Rhomboid

scapula depression muscles

(dip)

Lower trapezius

Pectoralis minor

where is the shoulder joint attached to the axial skeleton 

sternoclavicular joint

scapula movement usually occurs with movement of

Humerus

common shoulder joint problems

Rotator cuff impingements

Sublaxations ans dislocations

1

Supraspinous fossa

2

infraspinous fossa

1

Greater tubercle

2

lesser tubercle

3

intertubecular groove

4

head

5

deltoid tuberosity

what is the most moveable joint in the body

glenohumeral joint

what kind of joint is the glenohumeral joint

multiaxial ball and socet, moves in all planes

glenoid labrum

how do gelohumeral ligaments provide stability

anterioraly and inferiorly

inferior glenohumueral lighament: anterior/posterior

are glenohumeral ligaments tight or lax

lax to have mobility

what glenohumeral joint disloactions are common

◦anterior or anteroinferior glenohumeral subluxations & dislocations – common – abducted and externally rotated

how common are posterior glenohumeral joint dislocations and instability

rare but instability common

name the rotator cuff muscles

supraspinatus

infraspinatus

teres minior

subscaoularis

where do rotator cuff muscles attach

top, front, and rear of humeral head

rotator cuff muscles function

humeral rotation, •vital in maintaining humeral head in correct approximation within glenoid fossa while more powerful muscles move humerus through its wide range of motion

Shoulder/ GH joint abduction cause shoulder girdle/scapula ____

upward roation

Shoulder/ GH joint adduction cause shoulder girdle/scapula ____

downward rotation

Shoulder/ GH joint flexion cause shoulder girdle/scapula ____

elevation/upward rotation

Shoulder/ GH joint extension cause shoulder girdle/scapula ____

depression/downward rotation

Shoulder/ GH joint internal rotation cause shoulder girdle/scapula ____

abduction (protraction)

Shoulder/ GH joint external rotation cause shoulder girdle/scapula ____

adduction (retraction)

Shoulder/ GH joint horizontal adduction cause shoulder girdle/scapula ____

abdduction (protraction)

Shoulder/ GH joint horizontal abduction cause shoulder girdle/scapula ____

adduction (retraction)

glenohumeral abduction

upward lateral movement of humerus out to the side away from body

glenohumeral adducton

downward movement of humerus medially toward body from abduction

glenohumeral flexion

movement of humerus straight anteriorly 

glenohumeral extension

movment of humerus straight posteriolrly

glenohumeral external rotation

movment of humerus laterally around its long axis away from midline

glenohumeral internal rotation

movment of humerus medially around its long axis toward midline

glenohumeral horizontail adduction

movment of humerus in a horizontail or transverse plane toward and acrris the chest

glenohumeral abduction

movement of humerus in a horizontail or transverse plane away from the chest

where do the intrinsic glenohumeral muscles originate 

scapula and clavicle 

what are the intrinsic glenohumeral muscles

deltoid

coracobrahialis

teres major

roator cuff mucles (subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor)

where do the extrinsic glenohumeral muscles originate and attach

orginate on the tunk attack to the humerus

what are the extrinsic glenohumeral muscles

lattissimus dorsi

pectoralis major

what glenohumeral muscles are anterior

pectoralis major

coracobrachialis

subscapularis

what glenohumeral muscles are superior

deltoid, supraspinatus

what glenohumeral muscles are posterior

lattissimus dorsi

teres major

teres minor

infraspinatus 

1

pectoralis major

2

deltoid

3

subscapularis