Biology

What is biology?

The study of life

What is an organism?

Any living thing

What is growth?

The process of becoming larger

What is development?

changes an organism undergoes in its lifetime before reaching its adult form

What is reproduction?

the production of offspring

What is stimulus?

a change to which an organism reacts to

What is homeostasis?

stable internal environment

What is adaptation?

A trait that helps an organism survive and develop over time

What is a hypothesis?

testable explanation

What is an experiment?

a procedure performed to test a hypothesis & collect precise data

What is a control group?

the group that does not receive the factor being tested

What is an independent variable?

manipulated variable

What is a dependent variable?

variable that is measured because of changes in the independent variable

What does constant mean in an experiment?

The thing that stays the same

What is data?

information gathered from observations

What are the characteristics of living things?

made of one or more cells, displays organization, grows and develops, reproduces, responds to stimuli, requires energy, maintains homeostasis, adaptations evolve over time

What is the first step of the scientific method?

ask a question

What is the second step of the scientific method?

Form a hypothesis

What is the third step of the scientific method?

experiment

What is the fourth step of the scientific method?

analyze results

What is the fifth step of the scientific method?

Draw conclusions

What is ecology?

The study of interactions between organisms and their environment

What is the scientific definition for population?

A group of organisms that are the same species that occupy the same place at the same time

What is an ecosystem?

a biological community & all the non-living factors that affect it

What is a biome?

A group of ecosystems that share the same climate and have similar types of communities

What is a habitat?

where an organism lives

What is a niche?

The role of an organism in its habitat

What is symbiosis?

Any relationship in which two species live closely together

What is an autotroph?

An organism that makes its own food

What is a heterotroph?

An organism that cannot make its own food. a consumer

What is a herbivore?

an animal that only eats plants

What is a carnivore?

An animal that only eats other animals

What is an omnivore?

An organism that eats both plants and animals

Which biome is cold and dry, the ground is permanently frozen, and the species include caribou and grasses/mosses?

Tundra

Which biome is the biome of the needle-leaf forest, is the largest biome, and the species include moose and fir/spruce trees?

Taiga

Which biome is warmer and wetter than the Taiga, has leaves change color in the fall and drop off, and the species include a wide variety of trees and deer/squirrels?

Temperate/Deciduous Forest

Which biome has the greatest number of different organisms, provides 1/4 of our medicine, and includes species such as vines/ferns and amphibians?

Tropical Rainforest

Which biome can be referred to as Prairies, droughts and fire prevent it from becoming a forest, and species in this biome include buffalo and tall/short grasses?

Temperate Grassland

Which biome is covered with grasses and shrubs, has two seasons which are the wet and dry seasons, and species include antelope and lions?

Savanna

Which biome is the driest biome, gets little rain, and the species in this biome are organisms such as cactus' or reptiles?

Desert

What is meant by the "10% rule" when talking about trophic levels?

Only 10% of the energy available at one trophic level can be passed to the next

What is the order of the trophic level?

producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers

When an arrow in a food web is pointing towards another animal, which animal is the one being consumed?

The one that the arrow is going away from

What is parasitism?

One organism benefits and the other is harmed

What is commensalism?

one organism benefits and the other is unaffected

What is mutualism?

both organisms benefit

What do food chains/webs always start with?

a producer

What is a food chain?

A sequence of organisms that eat one another in an ecosystem

What is a food web?

a diagram that shows all the feeding relationships in an ecosystem

What is a decomposer?

An organism that breaks down wastes and dead organisms

What is a cell?

Basic unit of life

What is a eukaryote?

cell with a nucleus

What is a prokaryote?

unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus

What is a cell/plasma membrane?

surrounds the cell & lets certain things in but not others

What is the phospholipid bilayer?

Cell membrane made of 2 layers of lipid molecules

What is a nucleus?

Control center of the cell

What is cytoplasm?

a jellylike fluid inside the cell in between the cell membrane and the nucleus

What is the mitochondria?

Powerhouse of the cell

What do ribosomes do?

site of protein synthesis

What is different about the Rough ER to the Smooth ER?

The rough ER has ribosomes attached to the surface which it's considered 'rough'

What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)?

transports materials throughout the cell

What does the Golgi Apparatus do?

packages proteins

What is a vacuole?

storage area of the cell

What is a cell wall's function?

provides support and protection for the cell

What do chloroplasts do?

capture light energy and convert it to chemical energy through photosynthesis

What do lysosomes do?

remove any excess or worn-out cell parts

What is the Cell Theory?

1. All living things are composed of cells2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things3. New cells are produced from existing cells

What are the 3 cell organelles only found in plant cells?

chloroplasts, cell wall, vacuole

What is cellular respiration?

the process that turns chemical energy into usable energy in a cell

What is the Calvin Cycle?

light-independent reactions during phase two of photosynthesis in which energy is stored in organic molecules as glucose

What cycle is associated with cellular respiration?

Krebs Cycle

What are the two types of cellular respiration?

aerobic and anaerobic

Which type of cellular respiration does not need oxygen?

Anaerobic

Which type of cellular respiration needs oxygen?

aerobic

What is glycolysis?

anaerobic process that splits a molecule of glucose every time it occurs (also first stage of cellular respiration)

What is adenosine triphosphate?

ATP (energy)

What are the products in photosynthesis?

Glucose and O₂

What are the products in Cellular Respiration?

CO₂, H₂O, and ATP

Where does photosynthesis occur?

Chloroplast

Where does cellular respiration occur?

mitochondria

What is mitosis?

cell division

What is interphase?

period of the cell cycle between cell divisions

What is the order of mitosis?

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

What phase is the longest in mitosis?

prophase

What phase is the reverse of prophase?

telophase

In what phase do the chromosomes line up in the middle?

Metaphase

In what phase do the centrioles & spindle fibers appear & move toward poles?

anaphase

What phase do animal cells use cleavage furrow to separate?

cytokinesis

What is the shortest phase of mitosis?

metaphase

In what phase do the centromeres uncouple & spindle fibers shorten & disappear?

anaphase

In what phase do the Nuclear Envelope/Nucleoli disappear?

prophase

In what phase do plant cells use cell plate to separate?

cytokinesis

In what phase does the Nuclear Envelope/Nucleoli return?

telophase

In what phase do the microtubules attach to kinetochore proteins on centromeres?

metaphase

What phase is the division of cytoplasm?

cytokinesis

In what phase do the chromosomes spread out into chromatin?

telophase

In what phase does the chromatin scrunch into chromosomes?

prophase

What is a chromosome?

DNA-containing structure that carries genetic material from one generation to another

What is cyclin?

protein that regulates the cell cycle

What is apoptosis?

programmed cell death