Studied by 0 peopleWhat is biology?
The study of life
What is an organism?
Any living thing
What is growth?
The process of becoming larger
What is development?
changes an organism undergoes in its lifetime before reaching its adult form
What is reproduction?
the production of offspring
What is stimulus?
a change to which an organism reacts to
What is homeostasis?
stable internal environment
What is adaptation?
A trait that helps an organism survive and develop over time
What is a hypothesis?
testable explanation
What is an experiment?
a procedure performed to test a hypothesis & collect precise data
What is a control group?
the group that does not receive the factor being tested
What is an independent variable?
manipulated variable
What is a dependent variable?
variable that is measured because of changes in the independent variable
What does constant mean in an experiment?
The thing that stays the same
What is data?
information gathered from observations
What are the characteristics of living things?
made of one or more cells, displays organization, grows and develops, reproduces, responds to stimuli, requires energy, maintains homeostasis, adaptations evolve over time
What is the first step of the scientific method?
ask a question
What is the second step of the scientific method?
Form a hypothesis
What is the third step of the scientific method?
experiment
What is the fourth step of the scientific method?
analyze results
What is the fifth step of the scientific method?
Draw conclusions
What is ecology?
The study of interactions between organisms and their environment
What is the scientific definition for population?
A group of organisms that are the same species that occupy the same place at the same time
What is an ecosystem?
a biological community & all the non-living factors that affect it
What is a biome?
A group of ecosystems that share the same climate and have similar types of communities
What is a habitat?
where an organism lives
What is a niche?
The role of an organism in its habitat
What is symbiosis?
Any relationship in which two species live closely together
What is an autotroph?
An organism that makes its own food
What is a heterotroph?
An organism that cannot make its own food. a consumer
What is a herbivore?
an animal that only eats plants
What is a carnivore?
An animal that only eats other animals
What is an omnivore?
An organism that eats both plants and animals
Which biome is cold and dry, the ground is permanently frozen, and the species include caribou and grasses/mosses?
Tundra
Which biome is the biome of the needle-leaf forest, is the largest biome, and the species include moose and fir/spruce trees?
Taiga
Which biome is warmer and wetter than the Taiga, has leaves change color in the fall and drop off, and the species include a wide variety of trees and deer/squirrels?
Temperate/Deciduous Forest
Which biome has the greatest number of different organisms, provides 1/4 of our medicine, and includes species such as vines/ferns and amphibians?
Tropical Rainforest
Which biome can be referred to as Prairies, droughts and fire prevent it from becoming a forest, and species in this biome include buffalo and tall/short grasses?
Temperate Grassland
Which biome is covered with grasses and shrubs, has two seasons which are the wet and dry seasons, and species include antelope and lions?
Savanna
Which biome is the driest biome, gets little rain, and the species in this biome are organisms such as cactus' or reptiles?
Desert
What is meant by the "10% rule" when talking about trophic levels?
Only 10% of the energy available at one trophic level can be passed to the next
What is the order of the trophic level?
producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers
When an arrow in a food web is pointing towards another animal, which animal is the one being consumed?
The one that the arrow is going away from
What is parasitism?
One organism benefits and the other is harmed
What is commensalism?
one organism benefits and the other is unaffected
What is mutualism?
both organisms benefit
What do food chains/webs always start with?
a producer
What is a food chain?
A sequence of organisms that eat one another in an ecosystem
What is a food web?
a diagram that shows all the feeding relationships in an ecosystem
What is a decomposer?
An organism that breaks down wastes and dead organisms
What is a cell?
Basic unit of life
What is a eukaryote?
cell with a nucleus
What is a prokaryote?
unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus
What is a cell/plasma membrane?
surrounds the cell & lets certain things in but not others
What is the phospholipid bilayer?
Cell membrane made of 2 layers of lipid molecules
What is a nucleus?
Control center of the cell
What is cytoplasm?
a jellylike fluid inside the cell in between the cell membrane and the nucleus
What is the mitochondria?
Powerhouse of the cell
What do ribosomes do?
site of protein synthesis
What is different about the Rough ER to the Smooth ER?
The rough ER has ribosomes attached to the surface which it's considered 'rough'
What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)?
transports materials throughout the cell
What does the Golgi Apparatus do?
packages proteins
What is a vacuole?
storage area of the cell
What is a cell wall's function?
provides support and protection for the cell
What do chloroplasts do?
capture light energy and convert it to chemical energy through photosynthesis
What do lysosomes do?
remove any excess or worn-out cell parts
What is the Cell Theory?
All living things are composed of cells2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things3. New cells are produced from existing cells
What are the 3 cell organelles only found in plant cells?
chloroplasts, cell wall, vacuole
What is cellular respiration?
the process that turns chemical energy into usable energy in a cell
What is the Calvin Cycle?
light-independent reactions during phase two of photosynthesis in which energy is stored in organic molecules as glucose
What cycle is associated with cellular respiration?
Krebs Cycle
What are the two types of cellular respiration?
aerobic and anaerobic
Which type of cellular respiration does not need oxygen?
Anaerobic
Which type of cellular respiration needs oxygen?
aerobic
What is glycolysis?
anaerobic process that splits a molecule of glucose every time it occurs (also first stage of cellular respiration)
What is adenosine triphosphate?
ATP (energy)
What are the products in photosynthesis?
Glucose and O₂
What are the products in Cellular Respiration?
CO₂, H₂O, and ATP
Where does photosynthesis occur?
Chloroplast
Where does cellular respiration occur?
mitochondria
What is mitosis?
cell division
What is interphase?
period of the cell cycle between cell divisions
What is the order of mitosis?
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
What phase is the longest in mitosis?
prophase
What phase is the reverse of prophase?
telophase
In what phase do the chromosomes line up in the middle?
Metaphase
In what phase do the centrioles & spindle fibers appear & move toward poles?
anaphase
What phase do animal cells use cleavage furrow to separate?
cytokinesis
What is the shortest phase of mitosis?
metaphase
In what phase do the centromeres uncouple & spindle fibers shorten & disappear?
anaphase
In what phase do the Nuclear Envelope/Nucleoli disappear?
prophase
In what phase do plant cells use cell plate to separate?
cytokinesis
In what phase does the Nuclear Envelope/Nucleoli return?
telophase
In what phase do the microtubules attach to kinetochore proteins on centromeres?
metaphase
What phase is the division of cytoplasm?
cytokinesis
In what phase do the chromosomes spread out into chromatin?
telophase
In what phase does the chromatin scrunch into chromosomes?
prophase
What is a chromosome?
DNA-containing structure that carries genetic material from one generation to another
What is cyclin?
protein that regulates the cell cycle
What is apoptosis?
programmed cell death
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