Eukaryotes – Kingdom Protista and Kingdom Fungi

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to the Kingdom Protista and Kingdom Fungi, essential for understanding eukaryotic life and their characteristics.

Eukaryotic Cell

A cell with a nucleus and organelles, enclosed within membranes.

Domain Eukarya

The domain that includes organisms with eukaryotic cells, which are categorized into four kingdoms: Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protista.

Endosymbiotic Theory

A theory explaining the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic organisms through a symbiotic relationship.

Protists

The first eukaryotic organisms that are primarily unicellular or simple multicellular and diverse in methods of nutrition.

‘Kingdom Protista’

Nickname: ‘The ‘Catch-all’ Kingdom because it includes a variety of organisms that do not fit into other kingdoms.

Method of Nutrition

The process through which organisms obtain their food.

Animal-Like Protists

Protozoa; organisms that are similar to animal cells, primarily distinguished by their ability to move and consume organic material.

Amoeba

A type of animal-like protist that moves using pseudopods.

Paramecium

A type of animal-like protist characterized by movement via cilia.

Plant-Like Protists

Also known as algae; organisms that can photosynthesize and have chlorophyll.

Algal Bloom

Rapid increase in algae in water bodies, often due to nutrient pollution, which can be harmful to aquatic ecosystems.

Fungus-Like Protists

Organisms that resemble fungi in their lifestyle but are not true fungi.

Fungal Cell Walls

Cell walls that are primarily made up of chitin.

Hyphae

The filamentous structures that make up the mycelium of a fungus.

Mycelium

The network of hyphae that forms the body of a fungus.

Fruiting Body

The reproductive structure of a fungus, which produces spores.

Spores

Reproductive cells in fungi that are crucial for sexual reproduction and survival in adverse conditions.

Lichens

A mutualistic relationship between fungi and photosynthetic organisms like algae or cyanobacteria.

Mycorrhizae

A symbiotic association between fungi and plant roots, enhancing nutrient uptake capabilities.