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116 Terms

1
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how many teeth do puppies have?
28 baby teeth
2
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how many permanent teeth do dogs have?
42 permanent teeth
3
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how many teeth do kittens have?
26 baby teeth
4
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how many permanent teeth do cats have?
30 permanent teeth
5
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pulmonary semilunar valve
• located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk
• open during systole; closed during diastole
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atrioventricular valve
• valves located between the atrial and ventricular chambers on each side of the hear
• prevent backflow into the atria when the ventricles are contracting
• closed during systole; open during diastole
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aortic semilunar valve
• located between the left ventricle and the aorta
• open during systole; closed during diastole
8
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how are tapeworms contracted?
when a dog or cat ingests an infected flea
9
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ticks can transmit:
lyme disease, rocky mountain spotted fever, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis
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Borrelia burgdorferi
causes lyme disease
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Ixodes scapularis
deer tick, black legged tick; primary vector of lyme disease
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tropical canine pancytopenia
ehrlichiosis; bacterial disease spread via ticks
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Anaplasma phagocytophilum
bacteria causing anaplasmosis; tick-borne disease; transmitted by deer tick & western black-legged tick
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mosquitoes can transmit:
malaria, yellow fever, filariasis
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Dirofilaria immitis
canine heartworm, aka filariasis; parasitic roundworm spread via mosquito bite
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systolic blood pressure
measurement of blood pressure taken when the heart is contracting and forcing blood into the arteries (high pressure)
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diastolic blood pressure
pressure in the arteries when the heart relaxes and ventricles fill with blood (low pressure)
18
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red blood cells
carry oxygen
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white blood cells
perform the function of destroying disease-causing microorganisms; two groups - granulocytes and agranulocytes
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granulocytes
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
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agranulocytes
lymphocytes and monocytes
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neutrophils
• engulfs invading microbes and contributes to the nonspecific defenses of the body against disease
• produced in bone marrow
• phagocytize pathogens, especially bacteria
• release enzymes that target pathogens
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eosinophils
• have the ability to engulf foreign particles into their bodies
• produced in bone marrow
• phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes and allergens
• release chemical mediators to destroy parasitic worms
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basophils
• a circulating leukocyte that produces histamine
• release histamine (vasodilator) and heparin (anticoagulant) during inflammatory or allergic reactions
• produced with bone marrow
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lymphocytes
• type of white blood cell that make antibodies to fight off infections
• two major types: B cells and T cells
• attack pathogens and abnormal/infected cells
• coordinate immune cell activity
• produced and released from lymphoid tissues such as lymph nodes, spleen, etc.
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b cells
produce antibodies
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t cells
activate and help other cells destroy viruses and other foreign material
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platelets
blood clotting
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blood flow through the heart
vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta
30
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monocytes
• engulfs and destroys foreign material & secrete various proteins that help in the cleanup of inflamed and irritated tissue
• become macrophages when leaving the blood
• phagocytize pathogens, cellular debris, and dead cells
• stored in spleen and bone marrow
31
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puppy resting heart rate
70-220 bpm
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canine toy breeds heart rate
70-180 bpm
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canine standard heart rate
70-160 bpm
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canine giant breeds heart rate
60-140 bpm
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kitten heart rate
220-260 bpm
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adult cat heart rate
140-220 bpm
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normal canine respiratory rate
10-30 breaths/min
38
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impression smear
acquired by applying a clean slide directly to a lesion, ulcer, or pustule
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skin scraping
scraping of skin cells done with the edge of a scalpel to acquire a small sample of skin and hopefully accompanying pathogens or parasites
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fine needle aspiration
inserting a needle into a mass to collect a sample of the material in the mass
41
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mast cell tumors
most common type of skin cancer in dogs; malignant tumors
42
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lipomas
benign tumors composed of adipocytes (fat cells); only removed in the rare occurrence that they grow too large
43
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scabies (sarcoptic mange)
• contagious skin disease transmitted by the sarcoptes scabiei mite
• zoonotic
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walking dandruff
• Cheyletiella mite
• zoonotic
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demodetic mange (demodicosis)
demodex mites; cigar-shaped mites; live in hair follicles
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ear mites
otodectes cynotis
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otitis
inflammation of the ear
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roundworm
ascarids
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hookworms
ancylostomas
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whipworms
trichuris
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tapeworms
cestodes; develop in fleas and are transmitted to dogs & cats when they ingest an infected flea
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coccidia
- protozoans that infect the intestine
- contracted from fecal-contaminated soil
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adjuvants
substances that, when added to a noninfectious vaccine, stimulate a stronger immune response in the animal
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canine permanent teeth
2(I 3/3 C 1/1 PM 4/4 M 2/3) \= 42
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canine deciduous teeth
2(I 3/3, C 1/1, PM 3/3) \= 28
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cat deciduous teeth
2 (I 3/3, C 1/1, PM 3/2) \= 26
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cat permanent teeth
2 (I 3/3, C 1/1, PM 3/2, M 1/1) \= 30
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ventricular systole
ventricles contract and eject blood (high pressure)
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ventricular diastole
ventricles relax and fill with blood (low pressure)
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sinoatrial node
• ceiling of right atrium
• "pacemaker"
• generates electrical impulse; sets heart rate
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atrioventricular node
• floor of right atrium
• delays electrical impulse, allowing atria to finish contracting and empty into ventricles before ventricles contract
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artery
carry blood away from the heart
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elastic artery
• largest arteries
• contain lots of elastin protein fibers (stretch and recoil)
• closest to heart
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muscular artery
• thick layer of smooth muscle within wall of arteries → innervated by autonomic motor system
• vasoconstrict and vasodilate
• most named arteries
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vasoconstriction
decreasing the diameter of blood vessels to reduce blood flow
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vasodilation
increasing the diameter of small arteries to increase blood flow to tissues
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arterioles
• smallest arteries
• thin layer of smooth muscle in wall
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capillaries
• smallest blood vessels
• simple squamous → quick diffusion
• gas and nutrient exchange
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vein
bring blood back to the heart
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venules
• smallest veins
• companion vessels to arterioles
• brings blood away from capillaries
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medium veins
• companion vessels to muscular arteries
• contain valves to prevent backflow of blood
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large veins
• companion vessels to elastic arteries
• closest to heart
• drop blood into right atrium
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tunica interna
• innermost layer of a blood vessel wall
• simple squamous
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tunica media
• middle layer of blood vessel wall
• smooth muscle (vasoconstriction and vasodilation)
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tunica externa
• outermost layer of blood vessel wall
• connective tissue - collagen and elastin fibers
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coronary circulation
blood flow to the heart tissue, supplying it with oxygen and nutrients (not the blood going through chambers)
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coronary arteries
• first branches off aorta
• away from chambers of heart to heart tissue
• supply oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium (cardiac muscle tissue)
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coronary sinus
• receives venous blood
• goes directly to the right atrium
• between left atrium + left ventricle
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celiac trunk
supplies blood to liver, stomach, pancreas, or spleen
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superior mesenteric artery
supplies blood to the small intestine
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inferior mesenteric artery
supplies blood to the large intestine
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external iliac artery
supplies blood to lower limbs (leg)
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internal iliac artery
supplies blood to the pelvic region
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internal carotid artery
supplies blood to the brain
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vertebral artery
artery that travels through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae to the brain
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external carotid artery
supplies blood to the skin and muscles of the face
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anterior tibial artery
supplies blood to the anterior lower leg
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posterior tibial artery
supplies blood to the posterior lower leg
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vertebral vein
drains blood from the brain
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facial vein
drains blood from skin + muscles of face
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hepatic veins
carry blood away from the liver
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renal vein
carry blood away from the kidneys
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renal artery
carry blood to the kidneys
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internal iliac vein
drains pelvic region
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external iliac vein
drains blood from lower limbs (legs)
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cephalic vein
• vein on the lateral side of the upper arm
• superficial (sits between muscle and skin)
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basilic vein
• vein on the medial side of the upper arm (next to body)
• superficial (sits between muscle and skin)
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halitosis
bad breath
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pruritus
severe itching of the skin
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cherry eye
prolapse of gland of third eyelid in dogs