Linguistics 101

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Linguistics

33 Terms

1

Syntax

correct structure to assemble words. “Grammar”

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2

Morphology

the study of the bits of language that are linguistically meaningful

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3

Morpheme

the peices or bits of language

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4

Phonology

the part of linguistics that examines sound structures and patterning

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5

Root

Morphemes or ‘bits’ of language that can stand alone (In unhappy, “happy” is the root)

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6

lexis

the total stock of words in a language

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7

phonetics

examines the precise details of speech pronunciation

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8

Prescriptive rules

The way things ‘should’ be in language. This is what the general public is concerned with.

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9

Descriptive Rules

What ‘actually’ happens in language. This is what Linguists are concerned with.

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10

Received Pronunciation

“best English”, no regional or geographic variability

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11

Regional/geographic Variation

Variation in language, accent, and speech sound based on region or geographic location.

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12

McGurk Effect

When face movement does not match the sound heard. This is especially relevant in AI faces/avatars

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13

How does Language “train” us?

some languages don’t require differentiation between sounds, so we lose the ability to perceive and pronounce them. (think of the Korean rice video)

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14

Is language systematic?

yes, language is systematic

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15

What is “priming”

Choosing specific language or tone to lead you to a specific answer. A good example is Loftus and Palmer’s 1974 experiment describing a car collision and how choice of language skewed results of perception of the same visual

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16

Sentence structure is hierarchal, how can you represent this?

Tree or Box Diagram

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17

Form

what a unit of language looks like. Particularly on the basis of its internal structure

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18

Function

how a unit of language behaves within the structure presented.

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19

Constituent

any grammatically coherent component part of a sentence or word.

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20

Pragmatics

The study in which context contributes to the meaning of a word.

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21

medium

channel of communication

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22

mode

type of communication

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23

register approach

how language is expected to be conveyed by certain occupations or in specific circumstances.

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24

Linguistic variable

The natural bounds of language variation. These are signaled by points in which language can vary. eg. different word/sentance structure, same meaning, different social implications (did not vs aint, I am not coming vs I aint comin)

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25

What is Language?

Language is a code that allows us to represent thoughts and ideas by means of sounds or letters.

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26

Articulatory Linguistics

how sound is produced. mouth shapes/ tongue placement

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27

Auditory Linguistics

How the sound is perceived.

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28

Accent Variation

The differences in pronunciation, speech patterns, and dialects among speakers of a language.

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29

Lexical set

A key word which represents a particular vowel. The key word stands for all words with the same vowel sound.

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30

Systemic Differences

Differences in phonological systems between accents that affect meaning— one accent can distinguish sounds that others cannot

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31

Relisational Differences

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32
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