Abeka 9th grade Science: Matter and Energy test 2

Torricelli

The scientist who proposed that air has weight and therefore exerts pressure was ___?_____.

altimeter

A device used to measure altitude is an ___?___.

adhesion

The attractive force between unlike molecules is ___?___.

capillarity

The phenomenon in which liquids in thin tubes rise above or fall beneath their levels is ___?___.

plasticity

The maximum amount of permanent change a solid may be subjected to without breaking is its ___?___.

elasticity

The ability of a solid to recover its original shape after being deformed is___?____.

bending

A combination of stretching and compression ___?___.

kinetic

The theory that says all molecules of matter are in constant motion and that molecules move faster at warmer temperatures is the __?__ theory of matter.

atomic

The basis for the scientific understanding of all matter is the __?__ theory of matter.

crystalline

Solids whose molecules or atoms are arranged in an ordered pattern are __?__.

diffusion

The process of mixing molecules of one substance with another substance by random molecular motion is __?__.

Brownian motion

The random motion of microscopic solid particles in a fluid is __?__.

pascal

The SI unit of pressure is the__?__.

F input / A input = F output / A output

The small piston of a hydraulic press has an area of 2.0 cm2 and the large piston has an area of 16 cm2. If the small piston has a force of 4.0 N applied to it, the output of the force of the large piston is ___?___.

semipermeable

Thin solids that allow certain substances to diffuse through them are said to be __?__.

Pascal's Principle

The principal demonstrated by a hydraulic press is __?__.

bouyancy

The tendency of a solid object to float when placed in a fluid is__?__.

hydrofoil

Airfoil-like structures designed for use in water are __?__.

rigidity

The property that describes how strongly a material opposes deformation is __?__.

torsion

The type of deformation caused by twisting is __?__.

Bernoulli's Principle

lateral pressure exerted by a moving fluid decreases as the fluid's speed increases

Archimedes' Principle

buoyant force experienced by an object is exactly equal to the weight of the fluid displaced

Hooke's Law

amount of deformation is proportional to the amount of stretching force

Pascal's Principle

applied pressure inside a closed container is equally distributed

Amonton's Law

at a constant volume, temperature and pressure of a gas are directly proportional

Charles' Law

at a constant pressure, volume and temperature of a gas are directly proportional

osmosis

One-way diffusion through a semipermeable membrane

liquid

Molecules of a __?__ are able to move quickly but remain close to each other.

compressibility

The ability to be easily squeezed and compacted into smaller containers is its __?__.

siphon

A simple device used to move a liquid over an obstacle without pumps is a __?__.

amorphous

Solids that have molecules or atoms randomly arranged are __?__ solids.

Mohs

The hardness that measures how easily a material can be scratched is the __?__ scale.

submarine

What type of vessel can change its buoyancy to float on the water's surface or maneuver beneath the surface?

atoms

What are extremely small particles hat make up matter?

streamlining

What is the science of shaping objects to allow the smooth flow of fluids around them?

meniscus

What is he curved structure that forms because the adhesion of water to glass is stronger than the cohesion between water molecules?

neutral buoyancy

At what point is a submarine completely underwater but not sinking?

flap

increases wing area to produce more lift

aileron

Structure that tilts the airplane from side to side.

weight

downward force of gravity on an airplane

drag

force that tends to slow an object moving through a fluid

yaw

An airplane's angle left or right.

elevator

controls pitch

F=kx

Hooke's law

P1 V1 / T1 = P2 V2 / T2

Combined Gas Law Formula

P=F/A

Pressure formula (pascal)

Essay: Describe how Bernoulli's principle contributes to the forces of thrust and lift on an airplane in flight.

Lift:

An airfoil's shape causes the air over the top of the wing to speed up the relative to the air beneath the wing.

Bernoulli's principle requires the faster air on top to exert less pressure upon the wing than the slower air below.

The difference in pressure between the top and bottom of the wing pushes the wing up, toward lower pressure.

Thrust:

The spinning blades of a propeller are airfoils that generate thrust by producing a low-pressure region in front of the blades.