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voluntary, striated, multinucleated
characteristics of skeletal muscle
involuntary, non-striated, mononucleated
characteristics of smooth muscle
involuntary, striated, mononucleated (mostly)
characteristics of cardiac muscle
skeletal, cardiac, smooth
types of muscle tissue
skeletal muscle
40% of body weight
smooth and cardiac
10% of body weight
location, insertion/origin, shape, movement
how are skeletal muscles named
myofilament, myofibrils, muscle fiber, muscle fascicle,
what are muscles made out of
electrical conductivity
why do we need muscle insulators
endomysium, perimysium, epimysium
name the muscle insulators from deep to superficial
muscle fibers
endomysium wraps around
muscle fascicles
perimysium wraps around
muscle
epimysium wraps around
sarcomere
the contractile unit of skeletal muscle is...
myosin, actin, regulatory proteins
what is the sarcomere made of
unipennate, bipennate, multipennate
types of pennate muscle
deltoid
example of multipennate muscle
biceps brachii
example of fusiform muscle
extensor digitorum
example of unipennate muscle
rectus femoris
example of bipennate muscle
convergent, circular, multipennate, fusiform, bipennate, unipennate, parallel
types of muscle fiber arrangement
pectoralis major
convergent muscle example
orbicularis oris
circular muscle example
extensor digitorum longus
parallel muscle example
motor neuron, motor end plate, motor unit
a neuromuscular junction is made up of...
frontalis
raises eyebrows, origin- galea aponeurotic, insertion- orbicularis oculi
orbicularis oculi, antagonistic
closes eyelids, the levator palpebrea superiorious is ____________
nasalis
flares nostrils, origin- maxilla, insertion- nasal bone
zygomaticus major/minor
smile muscle, origin- zygomatic bone, insertion- corner of mouth
bifid zygomaticus muscle
dimples are caused from
orbicularis oris
kissing muscle, close moth, duck face muscle
platysma
pulls down corners of lip, superficial over sternocleidomastoid, origin- clavicle-deltoid, insertion- lower lip
sternocleidomastoid
head rotation and flexion, origin- sternum-clavicle, insertion- mastoid process on temporal bone
mentalis
helps with pout, brings chin soft tissue superior
masseter
mastication, origin- zygomatic, insertion- mandible
buccinator
used to keep food between teeth and whistling
temporalis
mastication, origin- temporal bone, insertion- mandible
digastric
elevates hyoid bone, swallowing, origin-mandible and mastoid, insertion- hyoid bone
thyrohyoid
depresses hyoid and elevates larynx
omohyoid
depresses hyoid, origin- scapula, insertion- hyoid
sternohyoid
depresses hyoid, swallowing/talking, origin- sternum, insertion-hyoid
sternothyroid
depresses larynx, origin- sternum, insertion- thyroid cartilage on larynx
trapezius
pulls scapula medial and retract, 3 directions, origin- occipital-thoracic spine, insertion- scapula
deltoid
triangle shaped, origin- clavicle, scapula (acromion/spine), insertion- deltoid tuberosity on humerus
pectoralis major
flexion, adduction, internal rotation of humerus (bringing arm towards body), origin- sternum, insertion- humerus
latissimus dorsi
adduction of humerus, origin-thoracic-lumbar spine, insertion-humerus
serratus anterior
moves scapula anterior, lift ribs, boxers muscle, origin- ribs 1-8, insertion- medial scapula border
external oblique
pulls chest inferior, ipsilateral bending, contralateral rotation
rectus abdominus
flexes trunk (forceful exhalation, defecation, parturition), origin- pubic symphysis, insertion- xiphoid process
pectoralis minor
draws scapula superior with inferior edge posteriorly "winging", origin- ribs 3-5, insertion- scapula
internal oblique
ipsilateral rotation and side bending, deep and runs perpendicular to external oblique
transverse abdominis
compress ribs and viscera (corset muscle)
splenius capitis
shaking head, origin- cervical vertebrae, insertion- occipital
rhombodeus
adducts scapula, pulls toward vertebral column, origin- upper thoracic vertebrae, insertion- medial edge of scapula
supraspinatus
abducts arm, origin- superior scapula spine, insertion-greater tubercle of humerus
infraspinatus
external rotation of arm, stabilize shoulder joint, origin-inferior scapula spine, insertion- greater tubercle of humerus
infraspinatus, supraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
what are the rotator cuff muscles
levator scapulae
elevate scapula, origin- cervical vertebrae, insertion- medial, superior edge of scapula
teres major
medial rotation of arm, origin- scapula, insertion-humerus,
erector spinae
postural muscle, trunk rotation, extends from sacrum to skull
biceps brachii
flex, supinate, origin- scapula, insertion- radial tuberosity
brachialis
flex elbow joint, origin- humerus, insertion- ulna
brachioradialis
flex elbow, supinate, pronate, origin- humerus, insertion- styloid process radius
triceps brachii
extension of posterior upper arm, origin- humerus and scapula, insertion- olecranon process ulna
triceps brachii
what muscle is antagonistic to biceps brachii
flexor carpi radialis
flex, abduct hand, origin- medial epicondyle humerus, insertion- base metacarpal II
palmaris longus
14% of people lack this muscle
palmaris longus
wrist flexor, origin- medial epicondyle humerus, insertion- palmar aponeurosis
flexor digitorum superficialis
flex fingers, origin- humerus, radius, ulna, insertion- base middle phalanx of fingers
flexor carpi ulnaris
flex, adduct wrist, origin- medial epicondyle humerus, insertion- pisiform, hamate
extensor carpi radialis longus
extend, abduct wrist, origin- humerus, insertion-metacarpal II
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extend, abduct wrist, origin- humerus, insertion- base metacarpal III
extensor digitorum
extend wrist, fingers, origin- lateral epicondyle humerus, insertion- middle, distal, phalanges 2-5
extensor carpi ulnaris
extend, adduct wrist, origin- lateral epicondyle humerus, insertion- metacarpal V
psoas major
hip flexor, origin- T12-L4, insertion- lesser trochanter
pectineus
hip flexor, adduct, lateral rotation of leg, origin-pubic bone, insertion- femur
adductor longus
adduct, flex hip, origin- pubic bone, insertion- linea aspera femur
gracilis
flex, adduct, medial rotate hip, origin-ischiopubic ramus, insertion- tibia
adductor magnus
adduction, flex, extend (hamstring portion) hip, origin- pubis, ischial tuberosity, insertion- linea aspera femur
sartorius
what muscle is known as the tailor's muscle
sartorius
flex, abduct, lateral rotate hip, flex knee, origin- iliac spine, insertion medial/proximal tibia
vastus medialis
tear drop muscle, extend the knee, origin- medial femur, insertion- quadriceps tendon
vastus intermedius
extend knee, deep to rectus femoris, origin- femur, insertion- quadriceps tendon
vastus lateralis
extend knee, origin- greater trochanter femur, insertion- quadriceps tendon
rectus femoris
knee extension, hip flex, origin- iliac spine, insertion- quadriceps tendon
tensor fascia latae
hip flex, medial rotate, abduct, knee lateral rotation, torso stabilization, origin- iliac spine, insertion- iliotibial tract
gluteus maximus
hip extension, origin- ilium, insertion- femur
semimembranosus
hip extension, knee flexion, origin- ischial tuberosity, insertion- medial condyle tibia
semitendinosus
flex knee, extend hip, origin- ischium, insertion- tibia
biceps femoris
flex knee, lateral rotate, extend hip, origins- ischial tuberosity, linea aspera femur, insertion- fibula head
antagonistic
the hamstrings are ___________ to the quadriceps
piriformis
lateral rotation of upper leg, origin- sacrum, insertion- greater trochanter
piriformis
what muscle is associated with sciatic nerve pain
peroneus (fibularis) longus
plantarflexion, eversion, origin- proximal lateral fibula, insertion- metatarsal I
tibialis anterior
dorsiflexion, inversion, origin-lateral tibia, insertion-metatarsal I
extensor digitorum longus
toe extension, dorsiflexion, origin- tibia, fibula, insertion- middle and distal phalanges
gastrocnemius
plantar flex, flex knee, origin- lateral medial condyles of femur, insertion- calcaneus
soleus
plantar flexion, origin- fibula, tibia, insertion- calcaneus
popliteus
unlocks knee, rotates knee, origin- lateral epicondyle femur, insertion- posterior proximal tibia
flexor digitorum longus
digit flexion, origin- posterior tibia, insertion- distal phalanges plantar side