Exam 2 Muscles

voluntary, striated, multinucleated

characteristics of skeletal muscle

involuntary, non-striated, mononucleated

characteristics of smooth muscle

involuntary, striated, mononucleated (mostly)

characteristics of cardiac muscle

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

types of muscle tissue

skeletal muscle

40% of body weight

smooth and cardiac

10% of body weight

location, insertion/origin, shape, movement

how are skeletal muscles named

myofilament, myofibrils, muscle fiber, muscle fascicle,

what are muscles made out of

electrical conductivity

why do we need muscle insulators

endomysium, perimysium, epimysium

name the muscle insulators from deep to superficial

muscle fibers

endomysium wraps around

muscle fascicles

perimysium wraps around

muscle

epimysium wraps around

sarcomere

the contractile unit of skeletal muscle is...

myosin, actin, regulatory proteins

what is the sarcomere made of

unipennate, bipennate, multipennate

types of pennate muscle

deltoid

example of multipennate muscle

biceps brachii

example of fusiform muscle

extensor digitorum

example of unipennate muscle

rectus femoris

example of bipennate muscle

convergent, circular, multipennate, fusiform, bipennate, unipennate, parallel

types of muscle fiber arrangement

pectoralis major

convergent muscle example

orbicularis oris

circular muscle example

extensor digitorum longus

parallel muscle example

motor neuron, motor end plate, motor unit

a neuromuscular junction is made up of...

frontalis

raises eyebrows, origin- galea aponeurotic, insertion- orbicularis oculi

orbicularis oculi, antagonistic

closes eyelids, the levator palpebrea superiorious is \____________

nasalis

flares nostrils, origin- maxilla, insertion- nasal bone

zygomaticus major/minor

smile muscle, origin- zygomatic bone, insertion- corner of mouth

bifid zygomaticus muscle

dimples are caused from

orbicularis oris

kissing muscle, close moth, duck face muscle

platysma

pulls down corners of lip, superficial over sternocleidomastoid, origin- clavicle-deltoid, insertion- lower lip

sternocleidomastoid

head rotation and flexion, origin- sternum-clavicle, insertion- mastoid process on temporal bone

mentalis

helps with pout, brings chin soft tissue superior

masseter

mastication, origin- zygomatic, insertion- mandible

buccinator

used to keep food between teeth and whistling

temporalis

mastication, origin- temporal bone, insertion- mandible

digastric

elevates hyoid bone, swallowing, origin-mandible and mastoid, insertion- hyoid bone

thyrohyoid

depresses hyoid and elevates larynx

omohyoid

depresses hyoid, origin- scapula, insertion- hyoid

sternohyoid

depresses hyoid, swallowing/talking, origin- sternum, insertion-hyoid

sternothyroid

depresses larynx, origin- sternum, insertion- thyroid cartilage on larynx

trapezius

pulls scapula medial and retract, 3 directions, origin- occipital-thoracic spine, insertion- scapula

deltoid

triangle shaped, origin- clavicle, scapula (acromion/spine), insertion- deltoid tuberosity on humerus

pectoralis major

flexion, adduction, internal rotation of humerus (bringing arm towards body), origin- sternum, insertion- humerus

latissimus dorsi

adduction of humerus, origin-thoracic-lumbar spine, insertion-humerus

serratus anterior

moves scapula anterior, lift ribs, boxers muscle, origin- ribs 1-8, insertion- medial scapula border

external oblique

pulls chest inferior, ipsilateral bending, contralateral rotation

rectus abdominus

flexes trunk (forceful exhalation, defecation, parturition), origin- pubic symphysis, insertion- xiphoid process

pectoralis minor

draws scapula superior with inferior edge posteriorly "winging", origin- ribs 3-5, insertion- scapula

internal oblique

ipsilateral rotation and side bending, deep and runs perpendicular to external oblique

transverse abdominis

compress ribs and viscera (corset muscle)

splenius capitis

shaking head, origin- cervical vertebrae, insertion- occipital

rhombodeus

adducts scapula, pulls toward vertebral column, origin- upper thoracic vertebrae, insertion- medial edge of scapula

supraspinatus

abducts arm, origin- superior scapula spine, insertion-greater tubercle of humerus

infraspinatus

external rotation of arm, stabilize shoulder joint, origin-inferior scapula spine, insertion- greater tubercle of humerus

infraspinatus, supraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

what are the rotator cuff muscles

levator scapulae

elevate scapula, origin- cervical vertebrae, insertion- medial, superior edge of scapula

teres major

medial rotation of arm, origin- scapula, insertion-humerus,

erector spinae

postural muscle, trunk rotation, extends from sacrum to skull

biceps brachii

flex, supinate, origin- scapula, insertion- radial tuberosity

brachialis

flex elbow joint, origin- humerus, insertion- ulna

brachioradialis

flex elbow, supinate, pronate, origin- humerus, insertion- styloid process radius

triceps brachii

extension of posterior upper arm, origin- humerus and scapula, insertion- olecranon process ulna

triceps brachii

what muscle is antagonistic to biceps brachii

flexor carpi radialis

flex, abduct hand, origin- medial epicondyle humerus, insertion- base metacarpal II

palmaris longus

14% of people lack this muscle

palmaris longus

wrist flexor, origin- medial epicondyle humerus, insertion- palmar aponeurosis

flexor digitorum superficialis

flex fingers, origin- humerus, radius, ulna, insertion- base middle phalanx of fingers

flexor carpi ulnaris

flex, adduct wrist, origin- medial epicondyle humerus, insertion- pisiform, hamate

extensor carpi radialis longus

extend, abduct wrist, origin- humerus, insertion-metacarpal II

extensor carpi radialis brevis

extend, abduct wrist, origin- humerus, insertion- base metacarpal III

extensor digitorum

extend wrist, fingers, origin- lateral epicondyle humerus, insertion- middle, distal, phalanges 2-5

extensor carpi ulnaris

extend, adduct wrist, origin- lateral epicondyle humerus, insertion- metacarpal V

psoas major

hip flexor, origin- T12-L4, insertion- lesser trochanter

pectineus

hip flexor, adduct, lateral rotation of leg, origin-pubic bone, insertion- femur

adductor longus

adduct, flex hip, origin- pubic bone, insertion- linea aspera femur

gracilis

flex, adduct, medial rotate hip, origin-ischiopubic ramus, insertion- tibia

adductor magnus

adduction, flex, extend (hamstring portion) hip, origin- pubis, ischial tuberosity, insertion- linea aspera femur

sartorius

what muscle is known as the tailor's muscle

sartorius

flex, abduct, lateral rotate hip, flex knee, origin- iliac spine, insertion medial/proximal tibia

vastus medialis

tear drop muscle, extend the knee, origin- medial femur, insertion- quadriceps tendon

vastus intermedius

extend knee, deep to rectus femoris, origin- femur, insertion- quadriceps tendon

vastus lateralis

extend knee, origin- greater trochanter femur, insertion- quadriceps tendon

rectus femoris

knee extension, hip flex, origin- iliac spine, insertion- quadriceps tendon

tensor fascia latae

hip flex, medial rotate, abduct, knee lateral rotation, torso stabilization, origin- iliac spine, insertion- iliotibial tract

gluteus maximus

hip extension, origin- ilium, insertion- femur

semimembranosus

hip extension, knee flexion, origin- ischial tuberosity, insertion- medial condyle tibia

semitendinosus

flex knee, extend hip, origin- ischium, insertion- tibia

biceps femoris

flex knee, lateral rotate, extend hip, origins- ischial tuberosity, linea aspera femur, insertion- fibula head

antagonistic

the hamstrings are \___________ to the quadriceps

piriformis

lateral rotation of upper leg, origin- sacrum, insertion- greater trochanter

piriformis

what muscle is associated with sciatic nerve pain

peroneus (fibularis) longus

plantarflexion, eversion, origin- proximal lateral fibula, insertion- metatarsal I

tibialis anterior

dorsiflexion, inversion, origin-lateral tibia, insertion-metatarsal I

extensor digitorum longus

toe extension, dorsiflexion, origin- tibia, fibula, insertion- middle and distal phalanges

gastrocnemius

plantar flex, flex knee, origin- lateral medial condyles of femur, insertion- calcaneus

soleus

plantar flexion, origin- fibula, tibia, insertion- calcaneus

popliteus

unlocks knee, rotates knee, origin- lateral epicondyle femur, insertion- posterior proximal tibia

flexor digitorum longus

digit flexion, origin- posterior tibia, insertion- distal phalanges plantar side