Unit #3 Test - Mrs. Williams

GSCI-2010-01: Physical Science for Educators

What is an Atom?

The basic building block of matter

What is an Element?

Matter made up of only one kind of atom

What is a Molecule?

Two or more atoms bonded together

Parts of an Atom

Protons (+), neutrons, electrons (-)

How to Read a Box of the Periodic Table

1. Atomic number

2. Element Name

3. Elemental Symbol

4. Atomic Weight

Calculate the Number of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

Protons - Atomic Number

Neutrons - Atomic Number - Atomic Mass

Electrons - Atomic Number

What is a Compound?

A pure substance whose smallest unit is made up of two different atoms chemically bonded together

What is a Mixture?

A combination of two or more substances

Identify Molecules, Compounds, and Mixtures

1. Molecule

2. Mixture

3. Mixture

4. Compound

5. Mixture

6. Compound

Periods vs. Groups

Periods

• Horizontal

• Share similar physical/chemical properties

Groups

• Vertical

• Each new row indicates a new electron shell

Physical vs. Chemical Changes

Physical - When matter changes visual form

Chemical - Result in the production of a new substance and cannot be reversed

Conservation of Mass

Mass cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction

What is Matter?

Anything that takes up space and has mass

States of Matter

Solid, liquid, and gas

Atomic Level of Solids

Contain tightly packed atoms and a fixed shape

Atomic Level of Liquids

Contain loosely packed atoms and no fixed shape

Atomic Level of Gases

Contain rapidly moving atoms and far apart

How Solids Change State

Melting and sublimation

How Liquids Change State

Freezing and evaporation

How Gases Change State

Deposition and condensation

How to find Volume in a Graduated Cylinder

Subtract the submerged object water line from the initial water line

How to find Volume in a Displacement Vessel

The amount of spilled water

What is Density?

The amount of mass per unit of volume

Equation for Density

Density = Mass/Volume

Solvent vs. Solute

Solvent - Part of the solution that is present in the largest amount

Solute - The minor part of a solution and is dissolved by the solvent

Acids vs. Bases

Acids

• Sour taste

• Corrosive to metals

Bases

• Bitter taste

• Slippery when wet

• Often used for cleaning

pH Scale

Measurement of the concentration of hydrogen ions and range from 0-14 with 0-7 being acids and 7-14 are bases