Fossil fuels vs Renewables

global cooperation

international collaboration, international community

fossil fuel usage

fossil fuel consumption, use of fossil fuels

transition

shift, change, transformation

stakeholders

parties, groups involved

rely heavily on

depend strongly on

sudden

abrupt, immediate

financial losses

economic losses, monetary damage

business closures

bankruptcies, shutdowns

market instability

market turbulence, economic upheavals

peak demand periods

times of high demand

initiative

effort, program, campaign (endeavor)

reduce healthcare expenses

lower medical costs

energy independence

self-sufficient in energy

finite

limited, exhaustible (>< limitless, inexhaustible)

depleted

exhausted, used up

energy security

energy stability, stable energy supply (ensure + …) >< imminent energy dilemma/crisis

intermittent

sporadic, unreliable (power supply)

environmental stewardship

ecological protection, environmental preservation

technological constraints

technical difficulties

unintended consequences

potential drawbacks, adverse effects

traditional sources

fossil fuels

renewables

renewable forms of energy = clean/green/sustainable energy = environmentally-friendly alternatives

combustion process

the burning of something (sth)

noxious

toxic, harmful, hazardous (+ fumes/pollutants: CO₂, NO, methane)

derive from

come from, stem from

harness

utilize, exploit, make use of

budget deficit

overspending, shortfall

Necessitate

make something necessary, require, demand

restructure and phase out

reorganize and gradually eliminate/remove

energy storage

the process of storing energy for later use (e.g. batteries, reservoirs)

grid infrastructure

the power network/system that delivers electricity

a sharp curtailment of fossil fuel consumption

a drastic reduction/a significant cutback in fossil fuel usage

particulate matter

Bụi mịn

Inhabitants

local residents, people living in an area

breathing issues

respiratory diseases, breathing problems

represent a worrying threat to

pose a greater danger/risk to

fast-tracking

accelerating, speeding up a process