EXAM 1 Material- Biochemistry 5615

Purines

Adenine, Guanine, Hypoxanthine, Xanthine

Pyrimidines

Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil, Orotate

Which is bigger? Purines or Pyrimidines

Purines

Hypoxanthine ribonucleoside name

Inosine

Xanthine ribonucleotide name

Xanthosine

Uracil ribonucleotide name

Uridine

Cytosine ribonucleoside name

Cytidine

Orotate ribonucleotide name

Orotidine

IMP

Inosinate

UMP

Uridylate

CMP

Cytidylate

XMP

Xanthylate

OMP

Orotidylate

Purines

Adenine, Guanine, Hypoxanthine, Xanthine

Pyrimidines

Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil, Orotate

Which is bigger? Purines or Pyrimidines

Purines

Hypoxanthine ribonucleoside name

Inosine

Xanthine ribonucleotide name

Xanthosine

Uracil ribonucleotide name

Uridine

Cytosine ribonucleoside name

Cytidine

Orotate ribonucleotide name

Orotidine

IMP

Inosinate

UMP

Uridylate

CMP

Cytidylate

XMP

Xanthylate

OMP

Orotidylate

Structural Features of Nitrogenous Bases ($A, G, C, T, U, X, HX, \text{Orotate}$)

1. Purines (Fused $6$ and $5$-membered rings):

   • Adenine ($A$): $6$-aminopurine

   • Guanine ($G$): $2$-amino-$6$-oxopurine

   • Hypoxanthine ($HX$): $6$-oxopurine

   • Xanthine ($X$): $2,6$-dioxopurine

2. Pyrimidines (Single $6$-membered ring):

   • Cytosine ($C$): $2$-oxo-$4$-aminopyrimidine

   • Uracil ($U$): $2,4$-dioxopyrimidine

   • Thymine ($T$): $2,4$-dioxo-$5$-methylpyrimidine (methylated Uracil)

   • Orotate: $2,4$-dioxopyrimidine-$6$-carboxylate