Treaties, Agreements, Conferences, Pacts

Treaty of Tordesillas

Divided new lands between Spain and Portugal.

Treaty of Paris (1763)

Ended the French and Indian War; France lost most North American territory.

Treaty of Paris (1783)

Ended the Revolutionary War; U.S. recognized as an independent nation.

Treaty of Greenville

Native tribes ceded land in Ohio after defeat at the Battle of Fallen Timbers.

Jay's Treaty

Resolved U.S.-Britain trade issues; Britain agreed to leave western forts.

Pinckney's Treaty

Spain granted U.S. navigation rights on the Mississippi River and access to New Orleans.

Treaty of Ghent

Ended the War of 1812; restored prewar boundaries.

Rush-Bagot Agreement

Limited naval armaments on the Great Lakes between U.S. and Britain.

Adams-Onís Treaty

Spain ceded Florida to the U.S. and defined the U.S.-Mexico border.

Webster-Ashburton Treaty

Resolved U.S.-Canada boundary disputes.

Treaty of Kanagawa

Opened Japan to U.S. trade, ending centuries of isolation.

Appomattox

Confederate surrender that ended the Civil War.

Teller Amendment

Declared U.S. would not annex Cuba after Spanish-American War.

Treaty of Paris (1899)

Ended the Spanish-American War; U.S. gained Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.

Platt Amendment

Restricted Cuban independence; gave U.S. rights to intervene and lease Guantanamo Bay.

Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty

Gave U.S. rights to build and control the Panama Canal.

Treaty of Portsmouth

Ended the Russo-Japanese War; mediated by Theodore Roosevelt.

Gentlemen's Agreement

Japan limited emigration to U.S.; U.S. eased discrimination against Japanese immigrants.

Root-Takahira Agreement

U.S. and Japan respected territorial possessions and the Open Door policy.

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Ended WWI fighting between Germany and Russia.

Treaty of Versailles

Ended WWI; imposed reparations on Germany; established League of Nations.

Washington Naval Conference

Reduced naval armaments among major powers.

Dawes & Young Plans

Restructured German reparations payments after WWI.

Kellogg-Briand Pact

Outlawed war as an instrument of national policy.

Munich Pact

Appeasement; allowed Nazi Germany to annex Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia.

German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact

Hitler and Stalin agreed not to attack each other; secretly divided Poland.

Cash and Carry

Allowed U.S. to sell arms to Allies if paid in cash and transported by purchaser.

Destroyers for Bases

U.S. gave destroyers to Britain in exchange for military bases.

Lend-Lease

Allowed U.S. to supply Allies with arms and materials before officially entering WWII.

Atlantic Charter

Outlined Allied war aims and principles for postwar peace.

Casablanca Conference

Allies planned invasion of Italy and demanded unconditional surrender of Axis powers.

Cairo Conference

Declared Allies' war aims against Japan; promised independence for Korea.

Teheran Conference

First meeting of the Big Three; planned D-Day invasion.

Yalta Conference

Allies planned division of postwar Germany and the creation of the United Nations.

Potsdam Conference

Allies issued ultimatum to Japan; set postwar terms.

Marshall Plan

U.S. economic aid program to rebuild Europe after WWII.

NATO

Military alliance between U.S., Canada, and Western Europe against USSR.

Geneva Accords

Temporarily divided Vietnam at the 17th parallel; elections promised but never held.

SEATO

Southeast Asia Treaty Organization; anti-communist defense pact.

Warsaw Pact

Soviet-led alliance of Eastern Bloc nations.

OPEC

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries; coordinated oil policies.

Alliance for Progress

U.S. aid program for Latin America under JFK.

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Gave President Johnson broad war powers in Vietnam.

SALT I

Limited nuclear arms between U.S. and USSR.

Paris Accords

Ended U.S. involvement in Vietnam War.

Camp David Accords

Peace framework between Egypt and Israel brokered by Carter.

START

Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty between U.S. and USSR.

NAFTA

North American Free Trade Agreement between U.S., Canada, and Mexico.