1.2 Solubility of gases

Explain the effect of water temperature on the solubility of salts

As the water temperature increases, the solubility of salts also increase due to the increase of kinetic energy that separates the salt atoms more effectively. The water molecules break the intermolecular attractions that hold salt atoms together.

Explain the effect of surface run-off, precipitation, and evaporation on the salinity of seawater.

The increase of water into seawater such as precipitation and surface run-off, decrease the salinity by diluting it. The decrease of water such as by evaporation increases the concentration of salt due to salts being left behind

Describe the pH scale as the measure of a hydrogen ion concentration in water, including the terms acidic, neutral, and alkaline.

The pH scale is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution and is logarithmic which means each step is 10x stronger or weaker than the one next to it. An aqueous with a pH scale of 7 would be neutral. A pH scale of less than 7 would be acidic and more than 7 would be basic or alkaline.

Describe how soluble salts, like sodium chloride, dissolve in water by dissolution of ions

Soluble salts, like sodium chloride, dissolve in water through the dissolution of ions. breaking of ionic bonds. The + and - charges then attract to the opposite charges.

Explain the terms solute, solvent, solution, and solubility

A solute is a solid that dissolves in a solvent. A solvent is a substance, like water, that can dissolve other substances. A solution is a mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent. Solubility or dissolution is the process of being dissolved.

Investigate the effect of salinity on the freezing point of water.

As the concentration of salts increase, the freezing point of water decreases. This is because salt makes it harder for water molecules to bond together in their rigid structure.

Describe the effect of water temperature, water pressure, atm pressure and salinity on the solubility of gases in water and the implications this has for marine organisms

As the water temperature increases, the solubility of gases decrease because they escape the liquid more easily due to their high kinetic energy. As water pressure increases with depth, the solubility of gases also increase because the molecules are forced to stay dissolved in water. As the atm pressure increases, the solubility also increase because the gases in the atmosphere are in a state of equilibrium with the gases dissolved in ocean water. As salinity decrease, the solubility increases because less solutes are taking up space between water molecules. The solubility impacts the marine organisms as it allows CO2 and O2 to be dissolved, necessary for the survival of an organism.

State that oxygen has a low solubility in water

Oxygen will have a low solubility in seawater as it doesn’t chemically combine with the water molecule

Describe litmus indicator, Universal Indicator, and pH probes to measure the pH of water samples

The litmus indictor consist of 2 colors of litmus paper, red and blue which determines if the solution is acidic or alkaline. A universal indicator shows a range of strengths of acidic and alkaline. It’s a subjective method. The pH probe is a precise method that shows the numerical value of H+ concentration within a solution.

Define the term salinity as the concentration of dissolved salts in sea water (in ppt)

Salinity can be measured in parts per thousand which can be measured as grams of dissolved salts over 1000 grams of seawater.