AP Human Geo 4.5-4.10

Internal boundaries

a line or border that divides one area or entity into two or more smaller areas or entities

Census

a process of collecting, compiling, and publishing data about the population and housing of a country or region. Every 10years-US

Reapportionment

The process by which representation is reappointed to the various states.

Redirecting

Divide or organize (an area) into new political or school districts. Voting district (generic term) adopted by Census Bureau include wide variety of small polling areas (election districts, precincts, or wards) State and local governments create for purpose of administering elections

Cracking

the practice of dividing a group of voters into multiple districts in order to dilute their voting power

Packing

the practice of concentrating a group of voters into a single district in order to reduce their influence in other districts

Stacking

Diluting a minority populated district with majority populations

Ethnic Cleansing

The mass expulsion or killing of members of an unwanted ethnic or religious group in a society.

terrorism

Use of violence to create a fear in a population to achieve a political goal

voting district

Voting district (generic term) adopted by Census Bureau include wide variety of small polling areas (election districts, precincts, or wards) State and local governments create for purpose of administering elections

gerrymandering

Manipulate the boundaries of (an electoral constituency) so as to favor one party or class.

Unitary state

A country where governmental authority is held primarily by the central government

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization-  an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries.

Autonomous Regions

Region within a state that holds a degree of power, while following federal laws. May have its own government system unique to them.

Balkanization

Balkanization is the act of a country breaking apart, usually because of ethnic or religious differences. Balkanization mostly refers to Yugoslavia, which broke down into 7 countries.

supranationalism

countries working together by ceding a degree of sovereignty to be a member of an international organization.

irredentism

the process by which a part of an existing state breaks away and merges with another

USMCA

The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement, also known as the USMCA, is a trade deal between the three nations which was signed on Nov. 30, 2018. Its a mutually beneficial win for North American workers, farmers, ranchers, and businesses.

WTO

World Trade Organization- a supranational organization that creates policies on global trading

OPEC

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries- a multinational organization aiming to control the prices of oil.

Trade Agreements

An agreement between countries to trade in goods or services without any international trade barriers such as bureaucratic procedures, regulations, laws, tariffs, taxes, subsidies, or quotas

Military Alliances

Organizations of countries who agree to help each other militarily if attacked by another country

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Ex. Nato, Warsaw Pact, OSCE

United Nations

an intergovernmental organization established 24 October 1945, to promote international cooperation.

Supranational org.

where three or more countries form an alliance for cultural, economic, or military reasons

EU- European Union

A political and economic alliance of 27 countries nations that coordinate trade, immigration and labor policies, making its members one economic unit

ASEAN

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations; an alliance that promotes economic growth and peace in the region.

AU- African Union

an organization of African states that aims to encourage economic development and political stability through increased cooperation between its members

Failed State

a sovereign nation-state has lost two primary abilities: the ability to maintain authority over its own people and territory and the ability to protect its own national borders