[BU2] M2 CONDUCTORS

Conductors

Substances with high conductivity and have very mobile electrons

Copper, silver, gold

Metals used for electrical confudctors; substances or materials that allow the flow of an electric current

drawing

Method of producing wire which is characterized by metal drawn into a series of holes on a drawplage or of varying diameters (larger to smaller holes)

Ichabod Crane

Use of waterwheel as a manufacturing process for wire drawing (mechanical process necessary provided by flow of water)

Bare conductor

Conductor having no covering or insulator

Covered conductor

Encased within material or composition and thickness not recognized by code

Insulated conductor

Encased within material of composition and thickness recognized by code

Silver

Best material for conducting

Copper

Second best material for conducting

Insulators

Substances with low conductivity

Insulators

Prevent flow of electrons

Class A

Cotton, silk, paper /paper with insulating liquid

Class B

Mica, asbestos, fiberglass; all with a binder

Class C

Mica, porcelain glass, quartz

Class A

Molded/laminated materials with cellulose filler, phenolic resin

Class A

Films/sheets of cellulose acetate or similar cellulose products

Class A

varnishes or enamel applied to conductors

Class O

Cotton, silk, paper, or similar materials not in insulating liquid

insulating materials

• rubber

• Porcelain

• Varnish

• Slate

• Glass

• Mica

• Latex

• Asbestos

• Thermoplastic

• Oil

• Wax

• Dry air

• Paper

• Silk

• Wood

Partial conductors

• water

• Human body

• Flame

• Linen

• Cotton

• Mahogany

• Pine

• Rosewood

• Lignum vitae

• Teak

Fair conductors

• Charcoal and coke

• Carbon

• Plumbago (graphite)

• Acid solutions

• Seawater

• Saline solutions

• Metallic ores

• Living vegetable substances

• Moist earth

Insulators

• slate

• Oil

• Porcelain

• Dry paper

• Silk

• Sealing wax

• Gutta percha

• Ebonite

• Mica

• Glass

• Dry air

Wires

Electrical conductors 8mm² (no.8 awg or smaller)

• either SOLID OR STRANDED

CABLES ARE those LARGER THAN WIRES

American wire gauge

AWG

Smaller the size

Awgs numbering: the bigger the number, the

Solid wire

Solid-core or single-strand wire; one piece of wire on its entire cross section.

stranded wire

solid wire has more flexibility than

Solid wire

Group of wires twisted to form metallic string. Total circular mil area is found by multiplying circular mol area of each strand BY TOTAL NUMBER OF STRANDS

Cord

Refers to insulated wire that is flexible

Cable

Single number 6 AWG to 0000 AWG

Stranded

Conductors with sizes from number 6 AWG and larger

Bus

Rigid electric conductor (metal bar, hollow tube or rod) which forms a connection between electric circuits

Copper

Ductile, malleable, excellent conductor or heat and energy.

• harder than zinc, softer than iron

• 50% total output used for electrical apparatuses and conductors

Aluminum

Formation of many metals, such as feldspar, mica, alum, cryolite, clay, bauxite and other forms

Copper and aluminum

Materials used for conductors

Circular mil

Unit of measuring cross section size in AWG

0.001

Mil

square mil

Area of square having its side equal to 1 mil