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Federalists v. Democratic Republicans
Two parties that were divided over the issue of strength in the government. Federalists argued that there should be a strong central government, while democratic republicans believed that the state governments should be stronger than the central government.
Democrats v. Whigs
The two parties of the two-party system. Democrats focused on the masses and the smaller role of government while whigs focused on a stronger government and reform.
Supreme Court
A court for people to try to find justice. There were several notable Kate’s such as Marbury v. Madison, Fletcher v. Peck, McChulloch v. Maryland, Gibbons v. Ogden, etc.
Second Great Awakening
A religious revival that took place after the revolution. The spread of religion and spirituality.
Innovations
Textile machinery, steam engines, interchangeable parts, canals, railroads, and telegraphs all helped improve production. These helped with the industrial revolution.
The American System
An economic plan put forth by Henry Clay. It consisted of a tariff to protect and promote American industry, a national bank to foster commerce, and federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other “internal improvements.”
Louisiana Purchase
When Thomas Jefferson purchased Louisiana from Napoleon. This led to debate over slavery and the Missouri Compromise.
Missouri Compromise
A compromise where Missouri got to enter the U.S. as a slave state, Maine entered as a free state, and the 36’30” line was established as the border for allowing slavery.
Seneca Falls Convention
The first women’s rights convention. Helped in a chapel in Seneca Falls, New York, and spanned two days. Led to the creation of The Declaration of Sentiments.
Participatory Democracy
A form of government where citizens participate individually and directly in political decisions and policies that affect their lives, rather than through elected representatives.
Suffrage (White Male)
Almost all white me could vote for president during 1856.
Andrew Jackson
The seventh president of the United States, Andrew Jackson believed in state rights and a strict construction of the constitution. He opposed the Bank of America and objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws. He increased the presidential powers.
Henry Clay
Created the American System. Had an active role in guiding the national economy towards self-sufficiency and prosperity.
National Bank
The National Bank would be able to lend the government money and safely hold its deposits, give Americans a uniform currency, and promote business and industry by extending credit.
Market Revolution
A revolution that was transforming American business and global trade. It was caused by the building of national roads and canals, and led to changes in labor, a rise of factories, and international trade and investment. It also contributed to a religious revival as people felt their world was changing.
Utopian Movements
Had high religious or moral ideas and attempted to improve life in the face of increasing industrialism.
Romantic Beliefs (Romanticism)
An artistic and intellectual movement characterized by a heightened interest in nature, emphasis on individual expression of emotion, departure from the attitudes and forms of classicism, and rebellion against established social rules.
Abolition
A movement with the belief of abolishing slavery/slave trade. Often demanded immediate, uncompensated emancipation of all slaves.
Temperance
The moderation or abstention of the use of alcohol.
Emancipation
Belief in freeing slaves. Seen in the Emancipation Proclamation which freed millions of enslaved people.
Slave Rebellions
Slave rebellions were rebellions by slaves with the hope of becoming free/escaping. There were several successful slave rebellions.
Semsubsistence Agriculture
A type of farming in which production is meant to sustain a family and anything left can be traded for goods the individual cannot create themselves.
Monroe Doctrine
A U.S. policy towards the Western Hemisphere. The doctrine warned European nations that the United States would not tolerate further colonization or puppet monarchs.
Frontier
A line that separated the east and west (“civilization and wilderness”), which shifted further west throughout history.
American Indian Removal
A United States policy of forced displacement of self-governing Native American tribes from their homelands. They moved these Native Americans to land west of the Mississippi River to a designated “Indian Territory.”
Southern Way of Life
White southerners believed they represented a life of chivalry, leisure, and elegance compared to the North, which they thought ad a hectic ad coarse lifestyle.
Indian Resistance
Native Americans would try to resist the U.S. attempts to rehome them. Seminoles refused to leave their lands and fought for seven years until they were finally forced to move west.
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