Organic Chemistry Review

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts in organic chemistry.

Alkanes

Hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2.

Alkanol

A type of alcohol with the functional group -OH, represented by examples like CH3OH.

Haloalkane

Compounds derived from alkanes where one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by halogen atoms.

Alkyne

A homologous series of hydrocarbons characterized by at least one triple bond.

Alkanoic Acid

Organic acids with the functional group -COOH (carboxyl group), such as acetic acid.

Functional Group

A specific group of atoms within a molecule responsible for characteristic chemical reactions.

Isomers

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements.

Empirical Formula

The simplest integer ratio of elements present in a compound.

Structural Isomers

Compounds with the same formula but different connectivity of atoms.

Cis-Trans Isomerism

A type of stereoisomerism where groups can be arranged in different spatial orientations around a double bond.

Hydrogen Bonding

A type of attractive interaction between a hydrogen atom, which is bonded to a highly electronegative atom, and another electronegative atom.

Polymerization

A chemical reaction in which small molecules, known as monomers, are chemically bonded into a larger molecule known as a polymer.

Cycloalkanes

Saturated hydrocarbons with carbon atoms arranged in a ring structure.

General Formula

The formula that represents the ratio of elements in a homologous series of compounds.

Sooty Flame

A characteristic of combustion produced by burning hydrocarbons with a high carbon-to-hydrogen ratio.

Molecular Formula

A chemical formula that shows the number and type of atoms in a molecule.

Alkane Homologous Series

A series of hydrocarbons where each successive member differs by a -CH2- unit.

Vapor Density

A measure of the density of a vapor compared to that of air.

Dehydration Reaction

A reaction that involves the loss of water from the reacting molecule.

Electrophilic Addition

A type of reaction where an electrophile reacts with a nucleophile, often seen in alkenes and alkynes.

Substitution Reaction

A chemical reaction during which one functional group in a chemical compound is replaced by another.