PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS (PDA)

1. A nurse explains PDA to parents. Which statement is correct?

B. The ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth

2. In PDA, the direction of blood flow is:

B. Left-to-right

3. The abnormal connection in PDA is between:

A. Aorta and pulmonary artery

4. PDA accounts for what percentage of congenital heart diseases?

B. 5–10%

5. PDA is most commonly seen in:

C. Preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome

6. A newborn with PDA presents with rapid breathing. This is:

C. Tachypnea

7. Which pulse characteristic is expected in PDA?

B. Bounding pulses

8. A widened pulse pressure in PDA is due to:

C. Increased difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

9. A large PDA may lead to which complication?

B. Congestive heart failure

10. Which physical finding is classic for PDA?

C. Continuous machinery murmur

11. A child with PDA develops poor growth. This is caused by:

B. Increased cardiac workload

12. Hepatomegaly in PDA indicates:

B. Congestive heart failure

13. Which test confirms PDA and measures blood flow?

C. Echocardiogram

14. Chest X-ray in PDA may show:

B. LV hypertrophy

15. ECG findings in PDA typically show:

B. Left ventricular hypertrophy

16. The preferred non-surgical treatment for PDA closure is:

B. Transcatheter device closure

17. A thoracoscopic clip ligation is considered:

B. Surgical treatment

18. A preterm infant with PDA is given indomethacin. The purpose is to:

B. Promote ductus arteriosus closure

19. Ibuprofen in PDA management works by:

B. Closing the ductus arteriosus

20. Surgery is indicated in PDA when:

B. Non-surgical methods are unsuitable

21. Early treatment of PDA results in:

B. Low mortality (<1%)

22. Delayed treatment of PDA may lead to:

A. Pulmonary vascular disease

23. A nurse emphasizes early management of PDA primarily to prevent:

B. Pulmonary hypertension and vascular damage

24. A preterm infant with RDS develops bounding pulses and a machinery murmur. The nurse suspects:

C. PDA

25. A child with PDA has increased workload on which side of the heart primarily?

B. Left side

26. Which finding best differentiates PDA from ASD and VSD?

B. Continuous murmur

27. A nurse prioritizes which intervention in a symptomatic PDA infant?

B. Monitor for CHF signs

28. A widened pulse pressure in PDA is best explained as:

B. Large difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

29. Which group requires close monitoring for PDA?

B. Preterm infants

30. A nurse teaching parents about PDA explains prognosis is good when:

B. Treated early before complications