human geo unit 3 gradesavers

culture

all of a group's learned behaviors, actions, beliefs, and traditions

cultural traits

the visible and invisible elements of a culture

cultural complex

series of interrelated cultural traits

cultural hearth

a place of origin to a major culture

taboos

behaviors of a culture that are heavily discouraged

folk culture

the products and practices of homogenous and isolated small-scale groups living in rural locations

popular culture

when cultural traits spread over a large area and are adopted by various groups

global culture

when popular culture makes it worldwide

indigenous community

communities that live within geographically distinct traditional habitats or ancestral territories who identify themselves as being apart of a distinct group

urbanization

the movement of people or cultures to towns and cities

globalization

the expansion of economic, political, and cultural processes to where they become global in scale and impact

material culture

physical objects and belongings of members of a group of people

artifacts

the material manifestations of a culture

mentifacts

the elements of a culture that express values and beliefs

non-material culture

non-physical ideas that people have about their culture

sociofacts

the institutions and links between individuals and groups that unite a culture

architecture

the act of designing and constructing buildings

cultural landscape

visible reflection if the culture of built environment

traditional architecture

a style that reflects a local culture's history, beliefs, values, and community adaptations that typically utilize locally available resources

post modern architecture

a movement away from boxy, mostly concrete or brick structures toward high rise structures made from steel or glass and the use of bright colors, curves, and atriums are also common

land-use patterns

the use of land for various purposes or activities

linguistic characteristics

the features of a language

gender

the difference between men and women

religion

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

ethnic neighborhood

usually in the urban areas are occupied by migrants in a charter groups former space

diaspora

a population that is scattered across a region which are separate from its place of origin

christianity

a monotheistic religion that is based on the life and teachings of Jesus

islam

a monotheistic faith of the muslims that is based on mahammed and the prophet of allah

buddhism

a religion represented by the many groups that profess various forms of the buddhist doctrine

sikhism

a monotheistic religion founded in northern india by guru nanak combining elements of Hinduism and Islam

hinduism

the monotheistic religion of most people in india, bangladesh, sri lanka, and nepal that is based around karma that works closely with a caste system

judaism

a monotheistic faith of jews who practice a religion based on the torah and the talmud

sequent occupancy

successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place to contribute to the cumulative cultural landscape

cultural relativism

the concept that a person's or group's beliefs, values, norms, and practices should be understood from the perspective of the other group's culture

ethnocentrism

belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group

ethnicity

membership in a group if people who share characteristics such as ancestry, language, customs, history, and common experiences

sense of place

state of mind derived through the infusion of a place with meaning and emotion by remembering important events that occurred in that place or by labeling a place with a certain character

placemaking

used as an urban planning practice to motivate people to get involved with the spaces closest to them

centripetal force

those that unify a group of people or a region

centrifugal force

those that divide a group of people or a region

relocation diffusion

the spread of culture and or cultural traits by people who migrate and carry their cultural traits with them

expansion diffusion

the spread of culture and or cultural traits outward through exchange without migration

contagious diffusion

occurs when a cultural trait spreads continuously outward from its hearth through contact among people

hierarchical diffusion

the spread of diffusion outward from the most interconnected places or from centers of wealth and influence

reverse hierarchical diffusion

when a cultural trait diffuses from a group of lower status to a group of higher status

stimulus diffusion

when an underlying idea from a cultural hearth is adopted by another culture but the adopting group modifies or rejects one trait

creolization

he process by which elements of different cultures are blended together to create a new culture

lingua franca

a common language used by speakers of different languages

colonialism

a particular type of imperialism in which people move and settle on the land of another country

imperialism

includes a variety of ways of influencing another country or group of people by direct conquest, economic control, or cultural dominance

indigenous language

a language that is spoken by the original, aboriginal, first, first nation, native, ethnic, or island inhabitants of a place, area, or region

social constructs

are ideas, concepts, or perceptions that have been created and accepted by people in a society or a social group and are not created by nature

time-space convergence

the greater interconnections between places that results from improvements in transportation

cultural convergence

cultures are becoming similar to each other and sharing more cultural traits, ideas, and beliefs

cultural divergence

the idea that a culture may change over time as the elements of distance, time, physical separation, and modern technology create divisions and changes

language family

a group of different languages that all descend from a particular common language

dialect

the usage or vocabulary that is characteristic of a specific group of people

islogloss

the boundaries between variations in pronunciation or word usage

indo-european language family

a large group of languages that might have descended from a language spoken nearly 6000 years ago

universalizing religion

seeks converts to its faith regardless of their ethnicity, language, social status, or nationality

ethnic religion

belief traditions that emphasize strong cultural characteristics among their followers

polytheistic

having many gods

monotheistic

believing that there is only one god

acculturation

the process of a group moving to a new area and adopting the values and practices of the larger group that has received them while still maintaining valuable elements of their own culture

assimilation

when an ethnic group can no longer be distinguished from the receiving group

syncretism

the fusion or blending of two distinctive cultural traits into a unique new hybrid trait

multiculturalism

the coexistence of several cultures in one society with the ideal of all cultures being valued and worthy of study

nativism

policy of protecting the interests of native-born

cultural appropriation

the process by which cultures adopt customs and knowledge from other cultures and use them for their own benefit