BIOL1240: Chapter 34 Enzymes

Where is salivary amylase produced?

Salivary glands (paratoid, sublingual, submadibular)

What does salivary amylase digest?

Polysaccharides → maltose and small polysaccharides

Where is pepsin active?

Stomach (acidic environment, pH 1-3)

What is the function of pepsin?

Breaks proteins → short polypeptides

What activates pepsinogen into pepsin?

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach

Which enzyme completes carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine

Disaccharides - maltase, sucrase, lactase

Where are maltase, sucrase, and lactase produced?

Small intestine epithelial cells

What does maltase digest?

Maltose → two glucose molecules

What does sucrase digest?

Sucrose → glucose + fructose

What does lactase digest?

Lactose → glucose + galactose

What does pancreatic amylase do?

Digests polysaccharides → disaccharides in the small intestine

Where is pancreatic amylase produced?

Pancreas

Which enzymes digest proteins in the small intestine?

Trypsin and chymotrypsin

Where are trypsin and chymotrypsin produced?

Pancreas

What do trypsin and chymotrypsin break down?

Polypeptides → short peptides

Which enzyme breaks down peptides into amino acids?

Carboxypeptidase (and other peptidases)

Where is carboxypeptidase produced?

Pancreas (released into small intestine)

Which enzyme digests fats?

Pancreatic lipase

What does pancreatic lipase break fats into?

Fatty acids + monoacylglycerol

What is the role of bile salts?

Emulsify large fat droplets → smaller droplets for lipase action

Where are bile salts produced?

Liver (stored and concentrated in the gallbladder)

What environment does the small intestine maintain for enzymes?

pH 6-8 (buffered by alkaline secretions from the pancreas)