AP Euro Review Unit 1 Flashcards

Flashcards for AP Euro Review Unit 1: Renaissance

Humanism

Emphasis on human potential and achievements

Secularism

Focus on worldly rather than religious matters

Indulgences

Certificates of pardon for sins, sold by the Church

95 Theses

Martin Luther's list of grievances against the Catholic Church

Renaissance Man

Someone who excels in many areas of study and activity

Classicism

Artistic and intellectual movement focused on Greek and Roman culture and ideals

Naturalism

Artistic style focused on realistic and natural depictions

Petrarch

Father of Humanism

Lorenzo Valla

Discovered forgery in the Roman Catholic Church documents.

Gutenberg Printing Press

Invented in 1440, revolutionized the spread of knowledge

Castiglione

Wrote "The Courtier," describing the ideal Renaissance man

Machiavelli

Wrote "The Prince," advocating for ruthless political tactics

Erasmus

Christian humanist

Henry VIII

King of England who broke with the Catholic Church

Bloody Mary

English queen who attempted to restore Catholicism, known for persecuting Protestants

Elizabeth I

English queen who established Anglicism and passed the Act of Uniformity

Ferdinand and Isabella

Spanish monarchs who completed the Reconquista and established Catholicism

Peace of Augsburg

Allowed rulers to choose the religion of their territory

Medici Family

Wealthy banking family in Florence

GGG

Reasons for European exploration: Gold, God, and Glory

Mercantilism

Economic system focused on accumulating gold and silver, and exporting more than importing

Jean-Baptiste Colbert

French finance minister under Louis XIV, promoted mercantilist policies

trading-post empire

Portuguese trading post empire

Treaty of Tordesillas

Divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Spain and Portugal

Columbian Exchange

Exchange of goods, ideas, diseases, and people between the Old World and the New World

Shift in Economic Power

Economic shift from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic states

Early Capitalism

Economic system based on free trade and private ownership.

Feudalism

An economic system where peasants lived and worked on the land of a noble in exchange for armed protection.

Reconquista

Spain led by Ferdinand and Isabella regain control of land from Muslims in the Iberian peninsula

New exploration Devices

compass, caravel sail, map making, astrolabe

Cicero

BC opposition to tyrannical Julius Caesar - influenced Petrarch

Explain the rise of men in politics

Castigolone’s “The courtier” renaissance man led to emphases in men in politics leading to Bruni and Machiavelli’s “The Prince” whatever it takes for power, bug change from medieval politics based on biblical morals

Naturalism art example

The last supper

geometric perspective example

school of athens

renaissance flow

Italian → Northern (christian)

Gutenberg printing press made

1440

Colombian Exchange Effects

shifted econ power, land, encomienda system (land taken over then made unpaid labor), african slave trade (easier to plan then mine made need for labor and natives died off from disease or escape from knowing land)