Chapter 10 Computer Networking

Part 1

Local Network Areas (LANs)

connect devices in the same building

Wide Area Networks (WANs)

connect across large distances

RJ-45 Connectors

are used for network connections

RJ-11 Cables

are used for telephone connections

Bluetooth

creates personal area networks (PANS)

NFC technology

is used for wireless payments and building access control systems.

TCP means

Transmission Control Protocol

IP means

Internet Protocol

Use of Internet Protocols

• routes info across networks

• provides an addressing scheme

• delivers packets from source to destination

• serves as a network layer protocol

Two main transport layer protocols

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

TCP is responsible for

the majority of internet traffic

TCP

is a connection-oriented internet protocol that guarantees delivery through acknowledgement. It is widely used for critical applications.

TCP goes through a

handshaking process before making a connection known as TCP three-way handshake

TCP Flags

identifies packets that are being used in the handshaking process

SYN

opens a connection

FIN

closes a connection

ACK

acknowledges a FIN or SYN

UDP

is a lightweight connectionless protocol that doesn’t send acknowledgements or guarantee delivery. Used for voice and video.

OSI Model (Open Systems Interconnections)

1. Application Layer

2. Presentation Layer

3. Session Layer

4. Transport Layer

5. Network Layer

6. Data Link Layer

7. Physical Layer

TCP Model

1. Application Layer

2. Transport Layer

3. Internet Layer

4. Network Interface Layer

IP addresses are written in

dotted quad notation

IP addresses

identify systems on a network and must not be reused on Internet-connected systems

IP addresses may be re-used

on private networks

IP addresses are separated in two parts

• Network Address

• Host Address

IPV6 uses

128 bits compared to 32 from IPv4

Static IPs

are manually assigned to systems by an administrator. Must be unique and within the appropriate range for the network

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

allows the automatic assignment of IP addresses from an administrator configured pool

Servers are typically configured with

Static IPs

End User Devices are typically configured with

DHCP

NAT (Network Address Translation)

is a protocol that assigns public IP addresses to privately addressed systems that wish to communicate on the internet.