Principles of biological diversity test 2

The red algal poly saccharide agar ( and its main component, agrose) is used as a gelling agent in; Certain processed foods, toothpaste, microbial plates, all of the options, none of the options.

all of the options

Although earth is estimated to be 4-5 billion years old, and although lif first appeared a little less that 4 billion years ago, land plants did not appear until about ( 3-4 billion, 400-500 million, 40-50 million, 3-4 million, 400,000-500,000) years ago

400-500 million years ago

The Setaphyta hypothesis is a recent, well-supported hypothesis that liverworts and mosses are a clade. What does this hypothesis imply about stomata?

Stomata were most likely lost in the common ancestor of modern liverworts.

Several important adaptations evolved in the common ancestor of land plants to allow the successful colonization of land. Which change is not one of those?

evolution of water impermeable cuticle

Evolution of carbohydrate-storage molecule

Evolution of gametangia

Evolution of a mechanism for structural support

Evolution of carbohydrate-storage molecule

If you find a green, leafy, nonvascular plant with stomata growing on your neighbor’s damp front lawn, you can assume that it is a

liverwort.

hornwort

moss

leptosporangiate fern

fern

Moss

Nonvascular land plants have never evolved to the size of vascular plants, most likely because they lack

an efficient system for conducting water and minerals

One difference between gymnosperms and angiosperms is that gymnosperms 

do not form flowers.

Coniferous gymnosperms such as pines depend primarily on _______ for pollination; thus, the plants produce large quantities of pollen that disperse over large areas during the spring

Wind

Which of the following clades has the greatest number of species?

Angiosperm

One reason for the enormous evolutionary success of seed plants is their possession of

1 and 3 seeds with food reserves for the young sporophyte

seeds with a resting stage that can remain viable for many years, germinating with conditions are favorable for growth of the sporophyte

Which of the statements about prokaryotes are correct?

They typically exhibit greater compartmentalization than eukaryotes

Their cells are usually much larger than eukaryotic cell

They include Bacteria and Archaea

All of the options

None of the options

They include Bacteria and Archaea

Who are the Asgard Achaea more closely related to?

other archea

bacteria

you

you

True or False: Unicellular eukaryotes in the diplomonad, trichomonad, and microsporidia groups are the descendents of the first, mitochondrion-lacking eukaryotes.

false

True or false: All archaea are extremophiles.

false

Several lineages of bacteria and archaea live at extremely high temperatures. Such organisms are called: 

Halophiles

Thermophiles

Mycoplasmas

Caldotherms

Thermophiles

Which of the following is evidence for the Endosymbiont Theory?

Asgard archea

Nonvascular land plants have never evolved to the size of vascular plants, most likely because they lack

an efficient system for conducting water and minerals

an efficient mode of respiration

a photosynthetic mechanism

mechanisms for nutrient and water absorption

the ability to disperse offspring

an efficient system for conducting water and minerals

if you find a green, leafy, nonvascular plant with stomata growing on your neighbor’s damp front lawn, you can assume that it is a

liverwort.

hornwort.

moss

leptosporangiate fern

fern

moss

Several important adaptations evolved in the common ancestor of land plants to allow the successful colonization of land. Which change is not one of those?

Evolution of water impermeable cuticle

Evolution of carbohydrate-storage molecule

Evolution of gametangia

Evolution of a mechanism for structural support

A mutualistic association with a fungus that promotes nutrient uptake

Evolution of carbohydrate-storage molecule

Although Earth is estimated to be 4–5 billion years old, and although life first appeared a little less than 4 billion years ago, land plants did not appear until about _______ years ago.

3-4 billion

400-500 million

40-50 million

3-4 million

400,000-500,000

400-500million

you discover a new anigiosperm withlarge white flowers that open at night and have a musty odor. this plant is most likley pollinated by

beetles

bats

birds

raccoons

lizards

bats

the closest relative of animals is a

ameoba

fungus

dinoflang

stramenophile

choanoflagellate

choanoflagellete

if all fungi were to disappear, earths ,,, cycle would slow down greatly

carbon

fungi play a key role in

decomposition of dead organisms

the world wide decline in amphibians

producing some of the foods we eat

all of the above

none of the above

all of the above

many plants are capable of self-fertilzation. that is haploid pollen grains produce male gamates that can fertilize haploid female gametes produced by the ovule of the same plant. this is an example of

asexual

sexual reproduction

sexual reproduction

the fruit of angiosperm seed-bearing structures is

used to entice seed dispersers

the man energy source for the plant embryo in the seed

the outer protective coating of an angiosperm

used to entice seed dispersers

you find a new species of plant with very small seeds with fleshy attachmetns that are rich in amino acids and fats you suspect the plant is dispersed by

birds

monkeys

wind

ants

water

ants

in class we identified that a major challenge for plants colonizing the land was to reduce the reliance on water for getting sperm and egg together. a major innovation that allowed this to happen was

waxy cutticle

thracheids

alternations of generations

stomata

pollen

pollen

you find a plant on mt sentinel what part of the plant is the haploid part of the life cycle

(flower looking thing, not taller part)

many plants are capable of self-fertilization. that is haploid, pollen grains produce male gametes that can fertilize haploid female gametes produced by the ovule of the same plant. this is an example of

sexual reproduction

the major evolutionary innovatons that allowe land plants to become so big and now constitute so much of the earths biomass was

tracheids and roots

according to the traditional textbook hypothesis stomata originated in the ancestor of

mosses

which statment about protists is correct

the ability to preform photosynthesis has been acquired multiple times by secondary endosymbiosis

what protist am I one hairy flange and one smooth

stamenophile

what protist am I, looks like a sun

rhizarian

what protist am I, has on flange

alveolate

what protist am i, looks like a pill

stamenophile

what evidence supports the endosymbiotic origin of eukaryotic organelles

chloroplasts and mitochondria have there own bacteria like ribosomes

chloroplasts and mitochondria have there own circular-bacteria like dna

chloroplasts and mitochondria are surrounded by double membranes suggesting the these oganelles had been eaten

Neanderthals were widespread in

Europe and Asia

Sub-Saharan Africa

South America

North America

Greenland

Europe and Asia

Which statements about birds is correct

They can all fly

They form a monophyletic group with other endotherms, including mammals

Birds aren't real

They are in the monophyletic group that includes dinosaurs and crocodiles

They are in the monophyletic group that includes dinosaurs and crocodiles

A key in the origin of the mammalian placenta has been

co-opted from a transposable element

co-opted from an active influenza virus

co-opted from an ancient retroviral envelope gene

co-opted from a gene horizontally transmitted from choanoglagellates

co-opted from a gene horizontally transmitted from a protist

All of the above

The horny scales that cover the skin of reptiles prevent them from

using their skin as an organ of gas exchange

sustaining high levels of metabolic activity

laying their eggs in water

crawling into small spaces

using their skin as an organ of gas exchange

The human and chimp lineages diverged from their most recent common ancestor about how many years ago?

6,000 years

60,000 years

600,000 years

6,000,000 years

60,000,000 years

6,000,000 years

Which of these below is most closely related to humans?

Birds

Tyrannosaurus rex

Dimetrodon

Coelecanths

Dimetrodon

Which of these below is most closely related to mammals?

Dinosaurs

Frogs

Lung fish

Coelacanths

Dinosaurs

The chordates:

All have a bony backbone

Include some animals without a nervous system

Are all filter feeders

Pass through a developmental stage with pharyngeal slits

pass through a developmental stage with pharyngeal slits

Monotremes differ from other mammals in that they

do not produce milk

lack body hair

lay eggs

live in Australia

have a pouch in which the young are raised

Lay eggs

A major change in the evolutionary lineage leading to the chordates was the

evolution of the water vascular system

develop ent of a dorsal hollow nerve cord

calcification of an internal skeleton

development of the lophophore as an adaptation to predatory life

ability to filter feed

development of a dorsal hollow nerve cord

Most animals with triploblastic embryos are

asymetric

radially symmetrical

bilaterally symmetrical

bilaterally symmetrical

Which group has a water vascular system

mullusks

chordates

annelids

echinoderms

hemichordates

Echinoderms

which statment about the amphibians is true?

their eggs are very sensitive to drying

The difference between amphibians and reptiles is that

amphibians have thin skin whereas reptiles have thick skin

the amniote egg was an important inovation becasue

it freed animals from having to reproduce in water