genome projects

whole genome shotgun sequencing

cutting DNA into many small sections to be easily sequenced and using computer algorithms to assign the overlapping segments

single nucleotide polymorphisms

single base variations in the genome associated with disease and disorders

identifying these allows prevention or early intervention

proteome

all the proteins coded for by a genome at a certain time under certain conditions

human microbiome project

sequencing the genomes of prokaryotic and single celled eukaryotic organisms within the human microbiome

to identify proteins acting as antigens on the surface of human pathogens

why is sequencing prokaryotes easier

most prokaryotes have one circular piece of DNA not associated with histones

no introns (non coding DNA)

challenge of sequencing complex organisms

translating genome into proteome because of many introns and genes with the role of regulating other genes