APUSH History Unit 4 Vocab

Marbury v. Madison

This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review

McCulloch v. Maryland

Maryland was trying to tax the national bank and Supreme Court ruled that federal law was stronger than the state law

Fletcher v. Peck

Supreme Court case which protected property rights and asserted the right to invalidate state laws in conflict with the Constitution

Compromise of 1820 (Missouri Compromise)

Missouri comes into the Union as a Slave State
Maine come into the Union as a Free State
line drawn across 36'30.... Above Free/Below Slave

Monroe Doctrine

An American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers

Market Revolution

Drastic changes in transportation (canals, RRs), communication (telegraph), and the production of goods (more in factories as opposed to houses)

American System

Economic program advanced by Henry Clay that included support for a national bank, high tariffs, and internal improvements; emphasized strong role for federal government in the economy.

Lowell System

Textile mill located in a factory town in Massachusetts that employed farm girls who lived in company-owned boardinghouses.

Corrupt Bargain

Refers to the presidential election of 1824 in which Henry Clay, the Speaker of the House, convinced the House of Representatives to elect Adams rather than Jackson.

Old National Road (Cumberland Road)

A 620-mile surfaced road, funded by the federal government to link midwestern settlers to seaboard states. This signaled a concerted push for internal improvements by the government.

Jeffersonian Republicans

One of nations first political parties, stemming from the anti-federalists, emerged around 1792. They were pro-French and mostly made up of the middle class. They favored a weak central govt., and strong States's rights.

Nativism

A policy of favoring native-born individuals over foreign-born ones

Cult of Domesticity

idealized view of women & home; women, self-less caregiver for children, refuge for husbands

Era of Good Feelings

A name for President Monroe's two terms, a period of strong nationalism, economic growth, and territorial expansion. Since the Federalist party dissolved after the War of 1812, there was only one political party and no partisan conflicts.

Henry Clay

A northern American politician. He developed the American System as well as negotiated numerous compromises, including the Compromise of 1850. Known as "The Great Compromiser."

John C Calhoun

South Carolina Senator - advocate for state's rights, limited government, and nullification

Embargo Act of 1807

Passed by congress prohibiting American ships from leaving for any foreign port.

Tariff of 1816

Created primarily to shield New England manufacturers from the inflow of British goods after the War of 1812.

War Hawks

Southerners and Westerners who were eager for war with Britain. They had a strong sense of nationalism, and they wanted to takeover British land in North America and expand.

Impressment

British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service

Adams-Onis Treaty

Agreement in which Spain gave up all of Florida to the United States

Sectionalism

Different parts of the country developing unique and separate cultures (as the North, South and West). This can lead to conflict.

Hartford Convention

Meeting of Federalists near the end of the War of 1812 in which the party listed its complaints against the ruling Republican Party. These actions were largely viewed as traitorous to the country and lost the Federalist much influence

Jacksonian Democracy

A policy of spreading more political power to more people. It was a "Common Man" theme.

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Passed by Congress under the Jackson administration, removed all Indians east of the Mississippi to an "Indian Territory" where they would be "permanently" housed.

Whigs

Political Party led by Henry Clay. Favored the BUS and the American System; strong legislative branch; against "King Andrew"

Trail of Tears

The Cherokee Indians were forced to leave their lands more than 800 miles to the Indian Territory. More than 4,000 Cherokees died of cold, disease, and lack of food during the 116-day journey.

Worcester v. Georgia

Supreme Court Decision - Cherokee Indians were entitled to federal protection from the actions of state governments which would infringe on the tribe's sovereignty - Jackson ignored it

Nullification Crisis

A sectional crisis during the presidency of Andrew Jackson. An attempt by the state of South Carolina to nullify a federal law - the tariff of 1828 - passed by the United States Congress.

Force Bill

Gave the president power to use military force to collect tariffs if the need arose

Transcendentalism

A nineteenth-century movement in the Romantic tradition, which held that every individual could reach ultimate truths through spiritual intuition, which transcends reason and sensory experience.

Second Great Awakening

A series of religious revivals starting in 1801. Stressed a religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for all Protestant sects. The revivals attracted women, Blacks, and Native Americans.

Burned-Over District

Popular name for Western New York, a region particularly swept up in the religious fervor of the Second Great Awakening.

Abolitionist Movement

Movement to end slavery

Seneca Falls Convention

(1848) the first national women's rights convention at which the Declaration of Sentiments was written.

William Lloyd Garrison

1805-1879. Prominent American abolitionist, journalist and social reformer. Editor of radical abolitionist newspaper "The Liberator", and one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society.

Frederick Douglass

(1817-1895) American abolitionist and writer, he escaped slavery and became a leading African American spokesman and writer. He published his biography and founded the abolitionist newspaper, the North Star.

Declaration of Sentiments

This document detailed beliefs about social injustice toward woman.

Gag Rule (1836)

Prevented anti-slavery discussions in Congress by tabling all abolitionist petitions.

Denmark Vesey

United States freed slave and insurrectionist in South Carolina who was involved in planning an uprising of slaves and was hanged (1767-1822)