SNC2D1: Optics

Lesson 1: Introduction to Optics
Lesson 2: Reflection of Light in a Plane Mirror
Lesson 3: Curved Mirrors, Ray Diagrams and Image Properties
Lesson 4: Applications of Curved Mirrors and Curved Mirror Equation Calculations.
Lesson 6: Introduction to refraction and refraction ray diagrams.
Lesson 7: Total internal reflection and Critical angle
Lesson 10: Lenses and Ray Diagrams
Lesson 11: Lens Equation
Lesson 12: Introduction to the human eye and eye conditions/corrections

Define "converging"

Going towards the one point.

Define "diverging"

Separating, leaving one point into many different directions.

Define "reflection"

The process of light 'bouncing off' an object.

Recall "The Law of Reflection"

θᵢ = θᵣ

Define "The Law of Reflection"

The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. Measured at the normal.

Define "The Incident Ray"

The ray moving towards the mirror.

Define "The Reflected Ray"

The ray moving away from the mirror that was reflected.

Define "The Point of Incidence"

The point were the light is reflected.

Define "The Normal Line"

The line perpendicular to the mirror where the Point of Incidence is.

Define "Angle of Incidence"

Represented as 'i', the angle between the ray of incidence and the normal.

Define "Angle of Reflection"

Represented as "r", the angle between the ray of reflection and the normal.

Recall "SALT"

Size, Attitude, Location, Type.

Define "Size"

Bigger, smaller, or same size relative to object.

Define "Attitude"

Upright or Inverted relative to object.

Define "Location"

Same Side (Where—F, C 2F', between O + F'), Behind Mirror

Define "Type"

Real or Virtual.

Define "Real Image"

An image that is formed by rays of light and can be seen/projected onto a surface.

Define "Virtual Image"

An image that is formed by 'fake' rays of light and cannot be seen/projected onto a surface.

Define "Converging Mirrors"

Cause parallel light rays rays to come to a point.

"Converging Mirrors" A.K.A.

Concave mirrors

"Concave Mirrors" A.K.A.

Converging Mirrors

Define "Diverging Mirrors"

Cause parallel lights to spread apart from a point

"Diverging Mirrors" A.K.A.

Convex Mirrors

"Convex Mirrors" A.K.A.

Diverging Mirrors

Recall "Centre of Curvature"

C

Define "Centre of Curvature"

Twice the distance of F, the centre of the sphere of the mirror.

Recall "Centre of Curvature" Variable

C

Recall "Vertex" Variable

V

Define "Vertex"

The point at which the mirror intersects the Principle Axis.

Recall "Principal Axis"

PA

Define "Principle Axis"

The line drawn through the vertex, perpendicular to the mirror.

Define "Focus"

The point halfway between the Centre of Curvature and the Vertex

Recall "Focus" Variable

F

List "Types of Mirror"

Concave, Convex.

List "Rules for Concave Mirror Ray Diagram"

Parallel to PA & reflected through F, Through F & reflected parallel to PA, Through C & reflected along same path

List "Rules for Convex Mirror Ray Diagram"

Parallel to PA & reflected backwards with virtual line through F, Towards virtual F & reflected parallel to PA with parallel virtual line parallel to PA, Towards virtual C & reflected on same path with virtual line to C.

Curved Mirror Equation

Recall "Negative F Mirror"

Diverging/Convex Mirror

Recall "Positive F Mirror"

Converging/Concave Mirror

Recall "Negative dᵢ"

Image is virtual

Recall "Positive dᵢ"

Image is real

Recall "Negative M"

Image is inverted

Recall "Positive M"

Image is upright

Recall "Index of Refraction" Variable

n

Define "Index of Refraction" Variable

The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in the medium

Recall "Speed of Light in Medium" Variable

V

Recall "Speed of Light in Vacuum" Variable

c

Recall "The Speed of Light"

3.00 • 10^8 m/s

Result of "Light Travelling from less dense to more dense medium"

Bends towards normal

Result of "Light travelling from more dense to less dense medium"

Bends away from normal.

Define "Total Internal Reflection"

Where light reflects in a medium instead of exiting out of it.

Define "Critical Angle"

The greatest angle light is able to exit a medium with.

Recall "Two conditions for total internal reflection"

The angle of incidence must be greater than the critical angle. The light must be travelling from a more to less dense medium.

Define "Convex Lenses"

Lenses that cause parallel light rays to go towards one point.

Define "Concave Lenses"

Lenses that cause parallel light rays to disperse from one point.

"Convex Lenses" A.K.A.

Converging Lenses

"Concave Lenses" A.K.A.

Diverging Lenses

"Converging Lenses" A.K.A.

Convex Lenses

"Diverging Lenses" A.K.A.

Concave Lenses

List "Rules for Lens Ray Diagrams"

A ray parallel to the Primary Focus and is refracted so it passes through F. A ray that passes through F' and is refracted as a parallel line. A ray that passes through the optical centre without bending.

Define "Hyperopia"

The condition where someone can see far away but not close. Caused because the focal point is too far away to the retina.

"Hyperopia" A.K.A.

Farsightedness

Define "Myopia"

The condition where someone can see close but not far away. The focal point is too close to the retina.

"Myopia" A.K.A.

Nearsightedness

Define "Lens for Hyperopia"

Convex/Converging Lens

Define "Lens for Myopia"

Concave/Diverging Lens.

Define "Incandescence"

The light produced by hot objects. Most energy is given off as heat.

Define "Luminescence"

Light given off by objects that have not been heated.

Define "Fluorescent"

Tubes that contain mercury vapour that emit UV light until it is coated in phosphos. Some energy is given off as heat.

Define "Phosphorescence"

Light emitted by phosphor that glow in the dark.

Define "Discharge Tubes"

Neon Lights, produced by an electric current when their energy is released

Define "Light Emitting Diodes"

LED. Very durable, small electric current required.

Define "Chemiluminescence"

Light released during chemical reactions. When it occurs in organisms it is called Bioluminescence.