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Anterior
Situated toward the front of the body
Diffuse
Generalized; not localized to any specific location
Distal
Farther from the trunk of the body
Inferior
Lower on the body, farther from the head
Lateral
Farther from the midline
Medial
Nearer to the midline
Posterior
Situated towards the back of the body, opposite of anterior
Proximal
Nearer to the trunk of the body
Superior
Higher on the body, nearer to the head
Abscess
A collection of pus beneath the skin
Appendicitis
Dangerous infection of the appendix
Arthritis
inflammation of the joints
Atrial fibrillation (A fib)
Irregular and often very rapid heart rhythm (arrhythmia)
Bronchitis
Inflammation/Infection of the bronchi (upper airway)
Cellulitis
Infection of skin cells
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
A stroke. Blood supply to the brain is restricted or absent due to hemorrhage or blockage of a vessel resulting in brain damage and dysfunction
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow to the lungs
Chronic renal failure (CRF)
Decrease in the kidneys' ability to filter waste and fluid from the blood
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
Serious condition in which the heart doesn't pump blood as efficiently as it should
Conjunctivitis
Infection of the outer layer of the eye
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
Procedure used to treat coronary artery disease (heart disease)
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
Buildup of plaque in the arteries that supply oxygen-rich blood to your heart
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT)
A blood clot that forms in a vein located deep inside your body, typically in the leg
Diverticulitis
Acute inflammation of the diverticula pouches located in your intestines
Ectopic pregnancy
Egg developing outside the uterus extremely dangerous due to risk of rupture
Gastroenteritis
General term for inflammation of the GI tract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Digestive disorder that occurs when acidic stomach juices, or food and fluids back up from the stomach into the esophagus
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver
Hyperglycemia
High blood sugar due to diabetes
Hyperlipidemia (HLD)
High cholesterol
Hypertension (HTN)
High blood pressure (typically >140/90)
Hypoglycemia
Low blood-sugar
Hypotension
Low blood pressure (typically <100/65)
Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM
Diabetes requiring the use of insulin injections
Myocardial infarction (MI)
Heart attack. Death of cardiac muscle due to prolonged ischemia
Nephrolithiasis / Renal calculium
Kidney stone
Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)
Diabetes not requiring the use of insulin injections
Otitis media (OM)
Infection inner ear (behind the eardrum)
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
Ulcers developing in the stomach causing pain and emesis
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
Blood circulation disorder that causes the blood vessels (excluding the heart and brain) to narrow, block, or spasm
Pharyngitis
Throat infection
Pneumonia
Infiltrate (infection) inside the lung tissue
Pneumothorax
Presence of air or gas in the pleural space; collapsed lung
Pulmonary Embolism
Blockage of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches due to a translocated clot
Pyelonephritis
Infection on the kidneys
Sepsis
Dangerous infection of the blood
Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
Transient “mini-stroke”, neurological function is regained completely with time
Upper respiratory infection (URI)
Contagious infection of the upper respiratory tract (sinuses, throat, lungs or airways)
Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Infection in any part of the urinary system — kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra
Afebrile
Without fever
Ambulatory
Able to move about, not confined to a bed
Constitutional
The general appearance and nature of a patient
Distress
A patient’s inability to tolerate their body-state, due to pain or respiratory failure. No Acute Distress (NAD) is commonly written if a patient looks comfortable.
Extraocular muscles intact (EOMI)
Testing that examines the function of the eye muscle
Pale conjunctiva
Pale inner aspect of the eyelid most often due to anemia
Pupils are Equal, Round, and Reactive, to Light (PERRL)
Common normal eye exam finding
Scleral icterus
Yellowing of the sclera (whites of the eye) due to jaundice
Cerumen
Earwax
Dry mucosa
Dry tongue, mouth, and lips, indicating significant dehydration
Epistaxis
Nose bleed
Oropharynx
The back of the mouth, where it meets the throat
Rhinorrhea
Clear nasal discharge. "Runny" nose
Tinnitus
“Ringing in the ears”, the perception of ringing even with no external stimuli
Tonsillectomy & Adenoidectomy (T&A)
Tonsils and adenoids removal surgery
Tympanic membrane (TM)
Tympanic membrane, the clear membrane inside the ear; (ear drum)
Carotid bruit
Whooshing blood flow heard with auscultation (carotid narrowing or plaque)
Lymphadenopathy
Enlarged lymph nodes
Supple
Flexible, not-stiff
Thyromegaly
Enlarged thyroid
Jugular vein distention (JVD)
Jugular vein distention, sign of heart dysfunction
Aneurysm
Localized ballooning of a vessel due to a weakened vessel wall
Arrhythmia
Irregular heartbeat
Artery
Blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart, muscular, contractile
Bradycardia
Slow heart rate (HR<60)
Cardiomegaly
Enlarged heart
Murmur
Abnormal heart sound rated on 1-6 scale
Normal sinus rhythm (NSR)
The rhythm of a healthy heart
Palpitation
To beat rapidly, irregularly, or forcibly (usually relating to the heart)
Regular rate and rhythm (RRR)
Normal heart sounds with a regular rate (60-100 bpm)
Stenosis
Narrowing of a body opening or passage
Tachycardia
Fast heart rate (HR>100 bpm)
Vein
Vessel carrying blood towards the heart, soft, compressible
Clear to auscultation (CTA)
No abnormal sounds when listening to the lungs with a stethoscope
Dyspnea
Difficulty/labored breathing, shortness of breath
Hypoxia
Low oxygen saturation of the body, not enough oxygen in the blood
Pleurisy
General term for pain with breathing
Rales
Crackles; Wet crackling heard in the lungs, typically due to pneumonia or CHF
Rhonchi
Sound of mucous rolling around in the bronchioles/bronchi
Shortness of breath (SOB)
Air hunger, difficulty breathing, or breathlessness
Sputum
Any mixed matter with the saliva that is passed through the mouth
Stridor
Upper airway noise; common sign in croup
Tachypnea
Increased respiratory rate
Wheezing
High pitched sound heard in the lungs with asthmatics or lung disease
Emesis
Vomiting
Hematemesis
Gross amounts of blood in the vomit
Hepatomegaly
Enlarged liver
Hernia
Protrusion of part of an internal organ or tissue bulges through a weak area of muscle
Melena
Black tarry stool indicative of an upper GI bleed