Digestive System and Hormonal Regulation

Flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture on the digestive system, hormonal regulation, and related medical conditions.

What occurs when blood glucose drops too low?

The pancreas releases glucagon, leading to the breakdown of glycogen and an increase in glucose.

What are amylase inhibitors?

Drugs that prevent the breakdown of glycogen.

What hormones are involved in regulating blood glucose levels?

Insulin and glucagon.

What happens when blood glucose is high?

The pancreas releases insulin, which causes uptake of glucose and promotes glycogen synthesis.

What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in terms of insulin?

Type 1 diabetes is due to lack of insulin production, while Type 2 is associated with insulin resistance.

What dietary changes can help manage Type 2 diabetes?

Changing diet to decrease sugar intake, along with exercise.

What does Fick's Law of diffusion state?

Q = K x A x (P₂ - P₁), where Q is the rate of diffusion, K is the diffusion constant, A is the area, and (P₂ - P₁) is the difference in pressure.

How do bronchodilators aid in caring for lung diseases?

They increase the volume of air into the lungs, enhancing gas exchange.

What role does anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) play in kidney function?

ADH increases aquaporin channels in the collecting ducts, leading to greater water reabsorption and more concentrated urine.

How does aldosterone affect urine volume?

Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption, which leads to increased water reabsorption, thereby decreasing urine volume.

What adaptations do kangaroo rats have for water conservation?

They possess a longer loop of Henle, increased surface area for gas exchange, and reduced or no sweat glands.

What is the benefit of counter-current flow systems in fish gills?

It maximizes oxygen absorption by maintaining a concentration gradient.