Physical Science Semester 1 Final

A measurement standard is defined as ____.

The exact quantity people agree to use for comparison

The prefix *kilo-* means ____.

1000

The prefix *milli-* means ____.

0\.001

The correct symbol for the SI unit of temperature is ____.

K

The SI unit that is used to measure time is the ____.

second

The variable plotted on the horizontal or *x-*axis is called the ____.

independent variable

How many meters are there in 1,865 cm?

18\.65

In a graph showing temperature change of a material over time, temperature change is the ____.

dependent variable

The best type of graph to use to show how some fixed quantity is broken down into parts is ____.

circle graph

One benefit of the SI system is that it is ____.

its based on multiples of 10

A beaker contains 0.32 L of water. What is the volume of this water in milliliters?

320 mL

A box is 25 cm long, 6 cm wide, and 4 cm high. How many cubic centimeters of water can it hold?

600

The lightbulb is an example of ____.

technology

Another term for technology is ____.

applied science

The process of gathering information through the senses is called ____.

observation

When designing an experiment, the first step is to ____.

state the problem

A rule or principle that describes what happens in nature is a ____.

scientific law

An explanation of an event that is based on repeated observations and experiments is a ____.

theory

An idea, event, or object can be represented by a ____ to help people better understand it.

model

In an experiment to determine whether the popping of popcorn is affected by the temperature at which it is stored, counting the popped kernels is an example of a(n) ____.

observation

A standard for comparison that helps to ensure that the experimental result is caused by the condition being tested is the ____.

control

A factor in an experiment that changes from the manipulation of the independent variable is the ____.

dependent variable

A factor that does NOT change in an experiment is the ____.

constant

Studying the effect of one thing on another in order to test a hypothesis is a(n) ____.

experiment

A factor that is manipulated in an experiment to change the dependent variable is the ____.

independent variable

The application of scientific knowledge to help people is ____.

technology

List the following from smallest to largest (dekameter, centimeter, decimeter, millimeter, kilometer)

millimeter, centimeter, decimeter, dekameter, kilometer

Scientists does research on the topic

gather information

Scientists make an observation and ask a question they want to answer about it

state the problem

Scientists makes an educated prediction

Form Hypothesis

Scientist tests the hypothesis to determine the effect of one thing on another using controlled conditions

experiment

Scientists carefully look at the data they collect and determine what it is actually saying.

analyze results

Scientists decide whether or not they should accept or reject their hypothesis based on the data.

drawing conclusions

What part of the experiment was the food?

constant

What part of the experiment was the heartbeat?

dependent variable

What part of the experiment was the water temperature?

constant

What part of the experiment was population two?

control

What part of the experiment was the caffeine?

independent variable

An object in motion at a constant velocity will change its motion only if __a balanced__ force acts on it.

False

The relationship s = d/t can be used to calculate speed, __distance__ or time.

true

If you were trying to get out of the way of a storm, you would need to know ONLY the __speed__ at which it was moving.

false

In a car crash, __inertia__ could cause you to crash into the windshield.

true

When the forces acting on an object are __unbalanced__, the net force is zero.

false

Acceleration occurs when velocity __changes__.

true

In the equation *a* = (*Vf – Vi*)/*t*, *Vf* stands for  

final velocity

___ is a measure of how far an object has moved.

distance

An object changing its speed from 10 m/s to 3 m/s is undergoing ____ acceleration.

negative

The speed and direction with which an object moves is its ____.

velocity

As a car slows down approaching a red traffic light its ______ is negative. 

acceleration

Acceleration occurs when an object changes its ______ or ______ both.

speed, direction

The slope of the distance-time graph gives the ______.

speed, velocity

If the forces acting on an object at rest are _______, the object will remain at rest

balanced

The equation used to find acceleration is a = ____.

*vf – vi/t*\`

A horizontal line on a velocity/time graph shows ____ acceleration.

zero

Inertia varies depending on ____.

mass

The relationship among speed, distance, and time is ____.

s= d/t

3 m/s north is an example of a(n) ____.

velocity

Motion is a change in ____.

position

A box is 25 cm long, 6 cm wide, and 4 cm high. How many cubic centimeters of water can it hold?

600

Newton's first law of motion is also called the law of ____.

inertia

A merry-go-round horse moves at a constant speed but at a changing ____.

velocity

Acceleration is rate of change of ____.

velocity

A single point on a distance-time graph tells the ____.

instantaneous speed

If you ride your bicycle down a straight road for 500 m then turn around and ride back, your distance is ____ your displacement.

greater than

If you ride your bike up a hill, then ride down the other side, your acceleration is ____.

first negative, then positive

The speed you read on a speedometer is ____.

instantaneous speed

Balanced forces acting on an object cause the object to accelerate.

false

Gravity causes all falling objects to accelerate at a rate of 98 m/s2.

false

Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of position.

false

The momentum of a 5,000-kg truck that is standing still is greater than the momentum of a 3,000-kg truck that is also at rest.

false

Projectile motion is composed of only a horizontal velocity.

false

When an object falls, it is reacting to the force of gravity.

true

Jane is on a merry-go-round that is moving at a constant speed. Her velocity is also constant.

false

Momentum is a property of an object and cannot be transferred from that object to another object.

false

Objects in Earth's orbit appear to be weightless because they are in free fall.

true

Friction is a force that encourages motion between two surfaces that are touching each other.

false

The greater an object's mass, the __weaker__ the gravitational force on it.

false

When a ball is dropped, it falls down due to the force of __friction__.

false

To continue pushing a box up a hill (assume the box is already in motion), you have to overcome __static__ friction.

false

A box doesn't move when you push it because of __rolling__ friction.

false

The upward force on an object falling through the air is ____.

air resistance

The relationship among mass, force, and acceleration is explained by ____.

newtons 2nd law of motion

A feather will fall through the air more slowly than a brick because of ____.

air resistance

In the absence of air, a penny and a feather that are dropped from the same height at the same time will ____.

fall at the same rate

The acceleration due to gravity is ____.

9\.8 m/s^2

According to Newton's second law of motion, ____.

*F* = *m* ´ *a*

When an object moves in a circular path, it accelerates toward the center of the circle as a result of ____.

centripetal force

The path of a projectile is ____.

curved

For any object, the greater the force that's applied to it, the greater its ____ will be.

acceleration

The size of the gravitational force between two objects depends on their ____.

masses and the distance between them

As you get farther from the center of Earth, your weight will ____.

decrease

When a force is exerted on a box, an equal and opposite force is exerted by the box. These forces are called ____ forces.

action-reaction

A real car moving at 10 km/h has more momentum than a toy car moving at the same speed because the real car ____.

has greater mass

In the equation *p* = *m* × *v*, the *p* represents ____.

momentum

The statement "to every action there is an equal and opposite reaction" is ____.

newton’s 3rd law of motion

he unit of momentum is ____.

kg ´ m/s

When two balls collide, the momentum of the balls after the collision is explained by ____.

the law of conservation of momentum

An object that is in free fall seems to be ____.

weightless

If gravity did NOT affect the path of a horizontally thrown ball, the ball would ____.

travel horizontally

A ball attached to a string is being swung in a clockwise circular path as shown in Figure 3-1. Assume the string breaks at point A. In which direction will the ball be traveling an instant later?

direction d