Naming/Ionic Bonds Study Guide

What is an ion?

an atom or molecule that has a net electric charge because it has an unequal number of protons and electrons

A cation?

a positively charged ion

• ex: sodium (Na+)

An anion?

a negatively charged ion

ex: chloride ( Cl -)

What is Type I naming for ionic compounds?

Type I is used for ionic compounds with a metal that has only one possible charge. You can find these metals in:

• Group 1 (alkali metals)

• Group 2 (alkaline earth metals)

What is Type II naming for ionic compounds?

used for ionic compounds with a metal that can have multiple charges. These are mostly the transition metals and metals like tin and lead

How do you name covalent compounds?

use a prefix to denote the number of atoms for each element, add the suffix "-ide" to the second element's name, and write the first element's name as is

ex: CCL₄ : Carbon Tetrachloride

• if the subscript is as the end, the name goes in-between both elements

• if the subscript is in front the first element, the name goes in from of first element, etc.

polyatomic ions

groups of two or more atoms covalently bonded together that carry a net electrical charge. They act as a single unit in chemical compounds and can be either positively charged (cations) or negatively charged (anions).

ex: NH₄+

How do you name Type I covalent compounds?

metal only forms ONE type of ion

• Binary compounds

• name of cation ( metal) + base of anion ( nonmetal ) + -ide

• exceptions are tin and lead

How do you name Type II covalent compounds?

metal forms MORE THAN ONE type of ion

• charge MUST BE SPECIFIED in the metals name

• specify it using Roman numerals following the name of the metal

—> name of cation (metal) + (charge of cation (metal) in Roman numerals in parentheses) + base name of anion ( non-metal) + -ide

How do you name Type III covalent compounds?

use Greek prefixes (mono-, di-, tri-, etc.) to indicate the number of atoms of each element. The first element is named first, and the second element's name is modified to end in "-ide".

1

mono

2

di

3

tri

4

tetra

5

penta

6

hexa

7

hepta

8

octa

9

nona

10

deca