Evolution part 2

All four conditions must be met for selection to act on a population?

\-The trait must be variable Within a population.

\-Variation of the trait must be heritable.

\-Different variants of the trait must have different fitness consequences for individuals that carry them

\-More offspring are produced than can will survive or offspring will not reproduce

Lamarck

Species are not immutable they may change through time.

Darwin

Descent of modification and Mendel proved his work

Malthus

Focused on food production and how population can determine the food supply. Suffering, famine, disease

origin of species

May spilt into multiple new species

are similar because of a common ancestor.

change overtime because individuals are more likely to survive and reproduce

Spencer

Survival of the fittest

Eugenics

to increase genetic quality of human population by controlling the reproduction of people with desirable and undesirable traits

Why is survival of the fittest a poor representation of natural selection

Survival is only important as it relates to reproduction

Adaption

is a trait that becomes more frequent in a population because of natural selection.

Is a phenotype controlled by a genotype

Yes

What if a heritable trait increases the fitness of an individual

not all the individuals in a population have the trait and natural selection means that those individuals will, have an offspring than without the trait

A change in allele frequency in a population over time is the definition of evolution.

Competition

Ensures not all individuals get everything and to reproduce at a high capacity

The gene pool

Ability to contribute to future generation

Fitness being relative

A trait that confers high fitness in one situation may confer low fitness if conditions change

Stabilizing selection

Against individuals both above and below a certain value

Directional selection

either above or below a certain value

Disruptive

selects two different extremes against individuals with median phenotypes , bimodal distribution