Studied by 2 peoplethe whiskey tax led to
-farmers being taxed directly -farmer rebelling -the first test of federal authority in the young republic
Albany Plan
Benjamin Franklin, aimed to unite the 13 colonies for trade, military, and other purposes; the plan was turned down by the colonies and the Crown
Shay Rebellion
1786 rebellion of Massachusetts farmers. Who wanted relief from debt
George Mason
American Revolutionary leader from Virginia whose objections led to the drafting of the Bill of Rights
Thomas Pickney
Negotiated(Treaty of Lorenzo with Spain that provided for free navigation of the Mississippi River
Anthony Wayne
lead the forces against the Native Americans
Federalists
-In favor of a stronger national government. Led by Alexander Hamilton, John Adams, and George Washington. -Wanted manufacturing to be primary part of American economy
Anti-federalists
-Opposed the adoption of the constitution -thought that national gov would be too powerful and threaten individual liberties
common sense
a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that claimed the colonies had a right to be an independent nation
Sovereignty
government free from external control
Loyalist
American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence
NW ordinance of 1785
terms for sale of the land -Mapmakers divided the region into five districts and subdivided the districts into townships +Congress wanted to auction off townships to settlers +Had to lower prices and open up the bidding to land speculators
Encomienda System
The cause of the Encomienda system was the Spanish crown offering land and Indian slaves to conquistadors going to the new world. The effect was heavy depopulation of Indians from brutality and disease leading into African slaves becoming a new labor force.
Problems with the North West ordinances
the British who refused to leave until the property of loyalists was returned supplied Indians whose territories were being invaded with weaponry
previous solutions to expansion problems with indian tribes
Treaty of fort Stanwix(1784) and Hopewell treaties(1785) -Where american claims to indian tribal land rested -Not endorsed by all indian tribes -Violence between the confederation and indians followed
Trade relationship with England
Needed to get trade concessions from British after relations with Holland and France hadn't developed fast enough
George Washington
Commander of the Continental Army-first president
Saratoga
-American rev. turning point -Continental Army defeated the British. -France to openly support the colonies with military forces
militia diplomats
-Nicknamed by John Adams-Diplomats sent to Europe from the colonies to win support for the war in European countries near end of Amer. Rev.-Wanted to make Trade Partnerships with Britain, but they refused
John Locke
life, liberty, and property.- social contract of gov, people have the right to revolt if gov. is bad.
treaty of paris
This treaty ended the Seven Years War, and Spanish-American War-British wanted peace after Cornwallis' defeat -Resulted in recognition of US. as independent country
Judith Sargent Murray
This women wanted equal education and rights for women.-Said women as smart as men and deserve to be educated-defended Mary Wollstonecraft
Judiciary act of 1789
Established a supreme court, 13 district courts, and 3 circuit courts
Hamilton's financial plan
Writes the "report on public credit" US had to pay its debts Give money to those currently holding the continentals Federal government assume states' debts Undercut power of states PASSED because Hamilton offered Jefferson and Madison a deal for the capitol location being in Virginia
what did Hamilton purpose on banks
He proposed a powerful private institution, in which the government was the major stockholder.
Bank of the united states
Proposed by Alexander Hamilton as the basis of his economic plan.
Hamiltonian philosophy related to the constitution
Broad constructionalism
Jeffersonian philosophy related to the constitution
Strict constructionalism
Jay's treaty
Treaty signed in 1794 between the U.S. And Britain in which Britain sought to improve trade relations and agreed to withdraw from forts in the northwest territory
Sims between constitution and articles
Made by mostly the same people
Charles Coatsworth Pinckney
Delegate to constitutional convention of 1787 American minister to france in 1797 Broke up negotiations after the XYZ AFFAIR, starting the QUASI-WAR between France and the US
John adams
America's first Vice-President and second President. Sponsor of the American Revolution in Massachusetts. wrote the freedom of press "ought not to be restrained."
Quasi war home front
Republicans called the "french party" and accused of being national security threats
Alien act and alien enemies act
Unconstitutional act that gave the President the power to expel or imprison immigrants, meant to hurt votting numbers for republicans during the Adams administration. Essentially a monarchist president
Naturalization act
Extended time needed for an immigrant to become a citizen from 5 to 14 years
Sedition Act
The people are allowed to put out media in the public without getting in trouble
the quasi-war
Undeclared war fought entirely at sea between the United States and France from 1798 to 1800. The French began to seize American ships trading with their British enemies
Fries rebellion
Oppose federal tax on property - put down (1799-Adams)
William Vans Murray
nominated by adams as a minister to netherlands. goes to france to negotiate an end to the quasi-war
Judiciary act of 1801
a law that increased the number of federal judges, allowing President John Adams to fill most of the new posts with Federalists
Tyranny
dictator
What did Sam Adams lead
Sam Adams lead the sons of liberty
Sam Adams
Suggested committee correspondence
Northwest Ordinance
It funds for education
Great compromise
Bicameral
Constitution not ratified
=land dispute
Articles of Confederation
A weak constitution that governed America during the Revolutionary War. Needed strong gov.
3/5 Compromise
Effects slaves on taxation and repsentation
Effect of the American Revolution
-United States is formed and Britain loses land and economy in North America -Articles of Confederation fail -capitalism(private owners) -a diverse market -open trade -didn't have to rely on England
How did the French Revolution affect America?
It caused a political divide as the federalists opposed the french revolution while the democratic republicans supported.
Townshend
High tariffs on __paper
Tariffs
Taxes on imported goods
What are the Intolerable Acts?
quartering act, closed port of boston, no town meeting allowed, massachusetts assembly lost power to the governor .
Coercive Acts(Intolerable)
Only in Massachusetts
Tea act
Bail east India tea
Daughters of Liberty
They made home spun cloth to boycott the British tea act
America funded by ____
Printing money
Why was Washington a good leader?
Keep morale in the continental congress
Quebec Act
Roman Catholicism declared a religion
Loyalists
Property was fine (revolving goes against ideals)
Second Continental Congress
Governed during American Revolution, They organized the continental Army, called on the colonies to send troops, selected George Washington to lead the army
After the Battle of Saratoga
Britain tried to negotiate peace
Yorktown
Britain could not retreat
First Continental Congress
Agreed for unity
Taxation without representation
Britain argued they had virtual rep
Who had the military advantage?
The British, well trained
America*
Poor w/ little goods
proclamation line
Articles of Confed.
Most power in state
A Motley Crew in the American Revolution
James Madison
Wrote The Federalist Papers, along with Alexander Hamilton and John Jay. In later years, he was referred to as the "Father of the Constitution."
Battle of Fallen Timbers
-Native Americans defeated in Ohio Valley
Olive Branch Petition
Still pledge loyalty to King George III but are still asking Britain to respect the rights and liberties of the colonies(K.GIII didn't care)
Lord Cornwallis
British general whose campaigns in the south led to his defeat at Yorktown, right before Treaty of Paris
Anglican Church
this church was disestablished, Quakers were frowned down upon because of pacifism, and Catholicism gained popularity after help from French.
pincer's strategy
William Howe's plan to divide the U.S. and separate N.E. from rest of colonies and meet up with John Burgoyne
John Burgoyne
the British general who captured Fort Ticonderoga from the Americans but lost at the battle of Saratoga
William Howe
the British general who was supposed to help Burgoyne at Saratoga but instead went off to capture Philadelphia, English -General who commanded the English forces at Bunker Hill.
Battle of Bunker Hill
the first important battle of the American War of Independence (1775)the British defeated the colonial forces
Checks and balances
A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power
What did James Madison write
he wrote the federalist number 10 essay
Federalist Number 10
Madison's essay on "factions" or the influence of political parties and interest groups is used to day to discuss access and control.
Virginia Plan
"Large state" representation.
NJ Plan
in favor of smaller states. didn't want central gov, unicameral equal representation.
separation of powers
the division of power among the branches of gov; legislative, executive, and judicial
What did the federalist and anti-federalist disagree on?
Mainly over the division of power between national gov. and the states
The Federalist papers
A collection of essays by j. Jay, a. Hamilton, j. Madison. That explained the importance of strong central gov.
National Bank
Hamilton's big idea
First Party System
A term that defines the period of time when the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans competed for the presidency.
tribal sovereignty
native were not legal under the constitution
Proclamation of Neutrality
was about avoiding war
Jay's Treaty
maintain peace between 2 nations. and backing up us neutrality
Washington's Farewell Address
don't -get involved in Europe affairs -make permanent allies -form political parties -avoid sectionalism
sectionalism.
to section
Quasi war with France
America's status as a neutral in the Wars of the French Revolution.
the Naturalization Act
inceased the period of becoming a us citizen
Sedition Act
made it a crime to write, print the president of government
XYZ Affair
An insult to the American delegation when they were supposed to be meeting French foreign minister, Talleyrand, but instead they were sent 3 officials Adams called "X,Y, and Z" that demanded $250,000 as a bribe to see Talleyrand.
Qusai War with France
An undeclared war at sea. Congress had suspended trade with France and they were capturing French ships
Leopard Affair
(1807) The American ship Chesapeake refused to allow the British on the Leopard to board to look for deserters. In response, the Leopard fired on the Chesapeake. As a result of the incident, the U.S. expelled all British ships from its waters until Britain issued an apology. Caused the end of impressment of sailors on U.S. ships.
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