APUSH (AP US History) unit 3 TEST

the whiskey tax led to

-farmers being taxed directly
-farmer rebelling
-the first test of federal authority in the young republic

Albany Plan

Benjamin Franklin, aimed to unite the 13 colonies for trade, military, and other purposes; the plan was turned down by the colonies and the Crown

Shay Rebellion

1786 rebellion of Massachusetts farmers. Who wanted relief from debt

George Mason

American Revolutionary leader from Virginia whose objections led to the drafting of the Bill of Rights

Thomas Pickney

Negotiated\(Treaty of Lorenzo with Spain that provided for free navigation of the Mississippi River

Anthony Wayne

lead the forces against the Native Americans

Federalists

-In favor of a stronger national government. Led by Alexander Hamilton, John Adams, and George Washington.
-Wanted manufacturing to be primary part of American economy

Anti-federalists

-Opposed the adoption of the constitution
-thought that national gov would be too powerful and threaten individual liberties

common sense

a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that claimed the colonies had a right to be an independent nation

Sovereignty

government free from external control

Loyalist

American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence

NW ordinance of 1785

terms for sale of the land
-Mapmakers divided the region into five districts and subdivided the districts into townships
+Congress wanted to auction off townships to settlers
+Had to lower prices and open up the bidding to land speculators

Encomienda System

The cause of the Encomienda system was the Spanish crown offering land and Indian slaves to conquistadors going to the new world. The effect was heavy depopulation of Indians from brutality and disease leading into African slaves becoming a new labor force.

Problems with the North West ordinances

the British who refused to leave until the property of loyalists was returned supplied Indians whose territories were being invaded with weaponry

previous solutions to expansion problems with indian tribes

Treaty of fort Stanwix(1784) and Hopewell treaties(1785)
-Where american claims to indian tribal land rested
-Not endorsed by all indian tribes
-Violence between the confederation and indians followed

Trade relationship with England

Needed to get trade concessions from British after relations with Holland and France hadn't developed fast enough

George Washington

Commander of the Continental Army-first president

Saratoga

-American rev. turning point
-Continental Army defeated the British.
-France to openly support the colonies with military forces

militia diplomats

-Nicknamed by John Adams-Diplomats sent to Europe from the colonies to win support for the war in European countries near end of Amer. Rev.-Wanted to make Trade Partnerships with Britain, but they refused

John Locke

- life, liberty, and property.- social contract of gov, people have the right to revolt if gov. is bad.

treaty of paris

This treaty ended the Seven Years War, and Spanish-American War-British wanted peace after Cornwallis' defeat
-Resulted in recognition of US. as independent country

Judith Sargent Murray

This women wanted equal education and rights for women.-Said women as smart as men and deserve to be educated-defended Mary Wollstonecraft

Judiciary act of 1789

Established a supreme court, 13 district courts, and 3 circuit courts

Hamilton's financial plan

Writes the "report on public credit"
US had to pay its debts
Give money to those currently holding the continentals
Federal government assume states' debts
Undercut power of states
PASSED because Hamilton offered Jefferson and Madison a deal for the capitol location being in Virginia

what did Hamilton purpose on banks

He proposed a powerful private institution, in which the government was the major stockholder.

Bank of the united states

Proposed by Alexander Hamilton as the basis of his economic plan.

Hamiltonian philosophy related to the constitution

Broad constructionalism

Jeffersonian philosophy related to the constitution

Strict constructionalism

Jay's treaty

Treaty signed in 1794 between the U.S. And Britain in which Britain sought to improve trade relations and agreed to withdraw from forts in the northwest territory

Sims between constitution and articles

Made by mostly the same people

Charles Coatsworth Pinckney

Delegate to constitutional convention of 1787
American minister to france in 1797
Broke up negotiations after the XYZ AFFAIR, starting the QUASI-WAR between France and the US

John adams

America's first Vice-President and second President. Sponsor of the American Revolution in Massachusetts.
wrote the freedom of press "ought not to be restrained."

Quasi war home front

Republicans called the "french party" and accused of being national security threats

Alien act and alien enemies act

Unconstitutional act that gave the President the power to expel or imprison immigrants, meant to hurt votting numbers for republicans during the Adams administration. Essentially a monarchist president

Naturalization act

Extended time needed for an immigrant to become a citizen from 5 to 14 years

Sedition Act

The people are allowed to put out media in the public without getting in trouble

the quasi-war

Undeclared war fought entirely at sea between the United States and France from 1798 to 1800. The French began to seize American ships trading with their British enemies

Fries rebellion

Oppose federal tax on property - put down (1799-Adams)

William Vans Murray

nominated by adams as a minister to netherlands. goes to france to negotiate an end to the quasi-war

Judiciary act of 1801

a law that increased the number of federal judges, allowing President John Adams to fill most of the new posts with Federalists

Tyranny

dictator

What did Sam Adams lead

Sam Adams lead the sons of liberty

Sam Adams

Suggested committee correspondence

Northwest Ordinance

It funds for education

Great compromise

Bicameral

Constitution not ratified

=land dispute

Articles of Confederation

A weak constitution that governed America during the Revolutionary War. Needed strong gov.

3/5 Compromise

Effects slaves on taxation and repsentation

Effect of the American Revolution

-United States is formed and Britain loses land and economy in North America
-Articles of Confederation fail
-capitalism(private owners)
-a diverse market
-open trade
-didn't have to rely on England

How did the French Revolution affect America?

It caused a political divide as the federalists opposed the french revolution while the democratic republicans supported.

Townshend

High tariffs on __paper

Tariffs

Taxes on imported goods

What are the Intolerable Acts?

quartering act, closed port of boston, no town meeting allowed, massachusetts assembly lost power to the governor .

Coercive Acts(Intolerable)

Only in Massachusetts

Tea act

Bail east India tea

Daughters of Liberty

They made home spun cloth to boycott the British tea act

America funded by ____

Printing money

Why was Washington a good leader?

Keep morale in the continental congress

Quebec Act

Roman Catholicism declared a religion

Loyalists

Property was fine (revolving goes against ideals)

Second Continental Congress

Governed during American Revolution, They organized the continental Army, called on the colonies to send troops, selected George Washington to lead the army

After the Battle of Saratoga

Britain tried to negotiate peace

Yorktown

Britain could not retreat

First Continental Congress

Agreed for unity

Taxation without representation

Britain argued they had virtual rep

Who had the military advantage?

The British, well trained

America*

Poor w/ little goods

proclamation line

Articles of Confed.

Most power in state

A Motley Crew in the American Revolution

-diverse group of people
-

James Madison

Wrote The Federalist Papers, along with Alexander Hamilton and John Jay. In later years, he was referred to as the "Father of the Constitution."

Battle of Fallen Timbers

-Native Americans defeated in Ohio Valley

Olive Branch Petition

Still pledge loyalty to King George III but are still asking Britain to respect the rights and liberties of the colonies(K.GIII didn't care)

Lord Cornwallis

British general whose campaigns in the south led to his defeat at Yorktown, right before Treaty of Paris

Anglican Church

this church was disestablished, Quakers were frowned down upon because of pacifism, and Catholicism gained popularity after help from French.

pincer's strategy

William Howe's plan to divide the U.S. and separate N.E. from rest of colonies and meet up with John Burgoyne

John Burgoyne

the British general who captured Fort Ticonderoga from the Americans but lost at the battle of Saratoga

William Howe

the British general who was supposed to help Burgoyne at Saratoga but instead went off to capture Philadelphia, English
-General who commanded the English forces at Bunker Hill.

Battle of Bunker Hill

the first important battle of the American War of Independence (1775)the British defeated the colonial forces

Checks and balances

A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power

What did James Madison write

he wrote the federalist number 10 essay

Federalist Number 10

Madison's essay on "factions" or the influence of political parties and interest groups is used to day to discuss access and control.

Virginia Plan

"Large state" representation.

NJ Plan

in favor of smaller states. didn't want central gov, unicameral equal representation.

separation of powers

the division of power among the branches of gov; legislative, executive, and judicial

What did the federalist and anti-federalist disagree on?

Mainly over the division of power between national gov. and the states

The Federalist papers

A collection of essays by j. Jay, a. Hamilton, j. Madison. That explained the importance of strong central gov.

National Bank

Hamilton's big idea

First Party System

A term that defines the period of time when the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans competed for the presidency.

tribal sovereignty

native were not legal under the constitution

Proclamation of Neutrality

was about avoiding war

Jay's Treaty

maintain peace between 2 nations. and backing up us neutrality

Washington's Farewell Address

don't
-get involved in Europe affairs
-make permanent allies
-form political parties
-avoid sectionalism

sectionalism.

to section

Quasi war with France

America's status as a neutral in the Wars of the French Revolution.

the Naturalization Act

inceased the period of becoming a us citizen

Sedition Act

made it a crime to write, print the president of government

XYZ Affair

An insult to the American delegation when they were supposed to be meeting French foreign minister, Talleyrand, but instead they were sent 3 officials Adams called "X,Y, and Z" that demanded $250,000 as a bribe to see Talleyrand.

Qusai War with France

An undeclared war at sea. Congress had suspended trade with France and they were capturing French ships

Leopard Affair

(1807) The American ship Chesapeake refused to allow the British on the Leopard to board to look for deserters. In response, the Leopard fired on the Chesapeake. As a result of the incident, the U.S. expelled all British ships from its waters until Britain issued an apology. Caused the end of impressment of sailors on U.S. ships.