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What is the essential organ in the male reproductive system
testes
Where is sperm made
testes
What is the scrotum
pouch that supports testes
What does the septum in the scrotum do
divides testes into right and left
What is the temperature sperm requires for production
2-3 degrees Celsius below
What is the function of the cremaster muscle
raise and lower testes to adjust temperature
What are paired oval glands
testes
What is the function of the homologous structure
determines chromosomes
When do the testes descend
7th month of fetal development
What chromosomes are male
XY
What chromosomes are female
XX
How many lobules are in the seminiferous tubules
200-300
What is the function of seminiferous tubules
produce sperm
What lines the testes
spermatagonia, Sertoli cells, interstitial cells
How many chromosomes are given from each parent
23
What cell does meiosis make
haploid cells
What are diploid cells
paired homologous chromosomes
What are haploid cells
unpaired chromosomes
What cells are gametes
haploid cells
What is required for gamete production
meiosis
What forms the blood test is barrier
sertoli cells
What is the function of Sertoli cells
produce fluid and control sperm release into the lumen
What do Sertoli cells secrete
inhibin
What is the function of inhibin
slows sperm production by inhibiting FSH
What is the function of leydig "interstitial" cells
secrete testosterone
Where are leydig "interstitial" cells located
between seminiferous tubules
What do spermatogenic cells create
spermatogonia
If there is enough sperm being produced, would there be more or less inhibin
more
What are the stages of spermatogenesis
meiosis 1, meiosis 2, spermiogenesis
Where does spermatogenesis occur
seminiferous tubules and epididymis
What cells are involved in spermatogenesis
spermatagonia, Sertoli cells, interstitial cells (leydig)
What holds mature sperm
epididymis
Where does spermatogenesis move through
rete testes and efferent ductules
When does a male start spermatogenesis
puberty
How long does it take for the first sperm to release from spermatogenesis
65-75 days
What stage do spermatogonium divide
mitosis
When do chromosomes replicate for sperm
meiosis 1
What occurs in meiosis 1 for sperm
exchange genetic material
When are sperm cells haploids
after cell division in meiosis 1
What are the sperm cells from meiosis 1
secondary spermatocytes
What occurs in meiosis 2 for sperm
cells divide and have one copy of each chromatid in each
What are the sperm cells called after meiosis 2
spermatids
What cell is needed for spermiogenesis
sertoli cells
How many mature cells are made from spermiogenesis
4
Once spermatids go through spermiogenesis, what are the cells called
spermatozoa
What percentage of chromosomes do sperm hold
50%
What decides the X or Y chromosome
sperm
How much sperm is made a day
300 million
How long does sperm live in the female tract
48 hours
What is the role of the tail in sperm
motility; travel through fallopian tube
What is the role of the middle head in sperm
has mitochondria; makes energy
What is the role of the head in sperm
has 23 chromosomes and acrosomal cap
What is the purpose of the acrosomal cap
has enzymes that penetrate the egg
What occurs in prophase 1 for spermatogenesis
crossing over; exchange of genes
How many viable cells are male
4
How many viable cells are female
1
How many daughter cells are made from spermatogenesis
4
What does gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) do
promotes secretion of FSH and LH
What and where does binding to change genetic activity for testosterone effects occur
testosterone and DHT in nucleus
If there is a slow sperm production, is more inhibin released or less
less; more FSH
Are erections a parasympathetic or sympathetic response
parasympathetic
Is ejaculation sympathetic or parasympathetic
sympathetic
What is the function of seminal vesicles
make most of the fluid of sperm
Where is the prostate gland located
surrounds the urethra
What is the function of bulbourethral glands
secretes mucus fluid and more alkalinity for sperm
What is the function of the prostate gland for sperm
increases volume and adds antibiotics
What is the function of alkalinity
neutralize acid in tracts
What is the function of prostaglandins
activation of sperm
What is the root of the penis
attached portion
What is the function of the urethra
passage for semen and urine
What is the dorsal body of the penis
corpora cavernosa
What is the midventral body of the penis
corpus spongiosum
What body of the penis contains the urethra
midventral (corpus spongiosum)
What covers the uncircumcised glans penis
prepuce
What does the dilation of penile arteries cause
erection
Is ovum singular or plural
singular
Is ova singular or plural
plural
What are ovaries
paired organs on each side of the uterus
What is the function of the female urethra
carries urine out
What is the function of the vagina
reproduction
True or false; there is a direct connection between the fallopian (uterine) tube and ovary
false; no direct connection
What cavity are the female reproductive organs found in
pelvic
What hormones does the corpus luteum secrete
progesterone, relaxin, inhibin, estrogen
Is menopause caused by a female running out of eggs or a hormone receptor problem
hormone receptor problem
Where do female follicles develop
ovarian cortex
What is the outer structure of an ovary
ovarian cortex
What is the inner structure of an ovary
ovarian medulla
What is present in the post ovulatory phase
corpus luteum
Do females have all eggs before birth, or do they make more as they grow
have all eggs before birth
When does meiosis 1 begin in females
before birth; utero
When does meiosis 1 finish in females
puberty
When are oogonias formed
fetal development
When are primary oocytes formed
before birth
At the end of meiosis 1 in females, what cells are produced
haploid cells; secondary oocyte and polar body
True or false; the primary body has more cytoplasm
false; secondary oocyte has more cytoplasm
When is meiosis 2 complete in females
fertilization
When does a diploid zygote form
sperm and ovum unite
Where does implantation occur
uterus
Where does fertilization occur
fallopian (uterine) tube
What cell is discarded during a female's period
polar body
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