Chem if Life

Atom

basic unit of matter

Protons

Positively charged particle and in the Nucleus

Neutrons

Neutrally charged particle and in the Nucleus

Electrons 

Negatively charged particle and orbits the Nucleus

Elements

atoms with varying # of protons

Atomic mass

- # of protons and neutrons in element

• If element has dif # of neutrons, it is an isotope

Rows

have same # of shells, increase down

Columns

have same # of valence electrons, increase from 1 (left) → 8 (right)

Atomic Bonding

strive to have full valence shell

Ionic bonds

chemical bond- electrostatic attraction between opposite charged ions

• One atom transfers one or more electrons to another atom

• → creates a positive ion (cation) and a negative ion (anion), opposite charges attract

• Typically occurs between metals and nonmetals → stable neutral compound 

• High difference in electronegativity

Nonpolar covalent bonds

chemical bond where electrons are shared equally btw 2 atoms

• similar/ identical electronegativity , almost no EN difference

• Weaker , more dispersed electromagnetic attractions 

Polar covalent bonds

chemical bonds, sharing of 1 or more pairs of electrons btw atoms to become stable

• Typically form btw non- metal atoms

• Strong chemical bonds within molecules (intermolecular)