Unit 9 Review: Solutions and Colligative Properties

Flashcards covering important concepts related to solutions, colligative properties, and calculations from Unit 9.

Van’t Hoff Factor (i)

A measure of the effect of a solute on colligative properties, defined as the ratio of the number of particles in solution to the number of formula units in the solute.

Saturated Solution

A solution that has the maximum amount of solute dissolved in it at a given temperature.

Supersaturated Solution

A solution that has more solute dissolved in it than normally possible at a given temperature.

Unsaturated Solution

A solution that can still dissolve more solute in it at a given temperature.

Colligative Property

Properties that depend on the number of solute particles in a solution rather than the identity of the solute.

Boiling Point Elevation

The increase in boiling point of a solvent upon the addition of a solute. Formula: riangle Tb = i imes Kb imes m where riangle Tb is the boiling point elevation, i is the Van't Hoff factor, Kb is the ebullioscopic constant, and m is the molality of the solution.

Freezing Point Depression

The decrease in the freezing point of a solvent when a solute is added. Formula: riangle Tf = i imes Kf imes m where riangle Tf is the freezing point depression, i is the Van't Hoff factor, Kf is the cryoscopic constant, and m is the molality of the solution.

Parts Per Million (ppm)

A way of expressing very dilute concentrations of substances; defined as the mass of solute divided by the mass of solution, multiplied by 10^6.

Dilution Equation

An equation that relates the concentration and volume of a solution before and after dilution: M1V1 = M2V2.

Hydrogen Bonds

Attractive forces between polar molecules that result