M13: Italian Renaissance

Renaissance

Renaissance

1300-1600! rebirth of knowledge and learning as civilization emerges from Dark/Middle Ages advances are made in arts and sciences classical antiquity merges with Christian devotion occurs all over Europe, but most incredible work emerges from Italy

BLACK DEATH (the plague)

over half of population of Europe died over plague

Early Renaissance (1300s)

altarpiece, Arena Chapel people would pay to have art produced (Medici Family, Julius II, guild, government)

altarpiece

wood back (poplar) prime wood with gesso under-drawing gold leaf is attached grisaille (gray values) completed painting is done with tempera

guild

independent association of bankers, merchants, artisan

Middle Renaissance (1400s)

Florence is city to be in Medici family come into power in 1454 and are able to provide relative calm until they’re exiled in 1494 (tremendous patrons of art) Florence Cathedral Hospital of the Innocents (orphanage) Donatello creates David statue oil paint is invented use of canvas

Late/High Renaissance (1495-1527)

Lives of the Artists by Giorgio Vsari (first survey of Italian art history) geographic shift from Florence to Rome Vatican takes center state for most important artists of the day painters move from tempera to oil paint use canvas than wood more private commissions (less religious subject matter)

Leonardo Da Vinci

The Baptism of Christ The Last Supper Mona Lisa geometry, architecture, anatomy, fortifications, implements of war considers himself a civil engineer never trained in fresco painting

Pietro Perugino

led “dream team” of painters who painted walls of Sistine Chapel Delivery of the Keys

Pinturicchio

assisted in painting walls painted for Alexander VI

Raphael

Small Cowper Madonna Madonna Della Sedia Pope Julius II commissions him to paint walls of library buried in Pantheon

Michelangelo

inspiration was Masaccio Pieta David Sistine Chapel

renaissance art

normal, classical, ideal spaces are clearly defined and measured scenes are harmonious, integrated, and balanced figures are graceful, poised, and suggest movement

mannerism

not renaissance art can include manipulation and distortion of color, line, and shape figures have elongated proportions, exaggerated poses, and enigmatic gestures imagery can be obscure, unsettling, and erotic Madonna of the Long Neck

Medici Family

wealthy fam; sponsored art; made Florence Cathedral

Julius II

church pope; sponsored art

HOSPITAL OF THE INNOCENTS

NOT A HOSPITAL; orphanage by Filippo Brunelleschi

CONTRAPPOSTO STANCE

natural weight shift for dynamic sculptures by DONATELLO

SCHOOL OF ATHENS

by Raphael on library walls showing 4 domains of knowledge (PHILOSOPHY, law, theology, poetry) ft Aristotle, Plato...

mannerist art

manipulations of formal elements

Giotto

first great renaissance artist