Ch. 26 Reproductive System

The Y chromosome contains a region for male sex determination that is known as the _ gene

SRY

What are the functions of gonads?

Produces gametes and secrete sex hormones

How do the products of gonadal function differ in males and females?

Female gonadal hormones: estrogen, progesterone, androgens, and inhibin

Male gonadal hormones: androgens and inhibin

Name all structures the gametes pass through on there journey.

1. Seminiferous tubule

2. Epididymis

3. Ductus deferents

4. Ejaculatory duct

5. Urethra

6. Uterine cavity

7. Cervix

8. Vagina

T/F all testosterone is produced in the testes

False. Some are produced in the adrenal glands of both sexes.

T/F Only males make androgens and only females make estrogens.

False. Both sexes produce both hormones.

T/F High levels of estrogen in the late follicular phase help prepare the uterus for menstruations

True

T/F Progesterone is the dominant hormone of the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle.

False. High levels of late follicular estrogen help prepare the uterus for implantation.

What are the main components of semen?

True.

Where is semen produced?

TESTICLES

What is semen?

A sperm fluid mixture made mostly by the accessory glands.

Why are X-linked traits exhibited more frequently by males than females?

Since males only have one X chromosome they have a higher chance to receive a recessive trait. Unlike females who have double X chromosomes and if one is dominant will control the phenotype.

AMH

Absence allows the formation of females and with it allows formation of males

DHT

DHT promotes prostate growth, sebaceous gland activity, male pattern baldness, and body, facial, and pubic hair growth.

Interstitial cells

Cells that form part of the connective tissue (interstitium) between other tissues,

Mullerian cells

Becomes fallopian tube, uterus, cervix, and upper half of vagina

Sertoli cells

Are somatic cells in the testes that are essential for sperm production in men

Wolffish ducts

Forms epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles.

Male vs Female FSH

Stimulates gamete production in both sexes

Male vs Female inhibin

Inhibits FSH secretion

Male vs Female activin

Stimulates FSH secretion

Male vs female GnRH

Stimulates release of FSH and LH

Male vs Female LH

Stimulates gonadal sex hormone production; in females, also necessary for gamete maturation

Male vs Female DHT

testosterone metabolite responsible for fetal development of male genitalia

Male vs Female estrogen

Present in both sexes but dominant in females

Male vs Female Testosterone

Present in both sexes but dominant in males

Male vs Female Progesterone

Females only, helps prepare the uterus for pregnancy

A) was administered to all subjects

B) negative feedback by testosterone

C) sperm production decreased A-B because FSH and LH decreased.

It increased toward the end of the B-C because FSH allowed sperm production to resume.

Sperm production did not increase significantly during the D-E interval.

Which organ produces Anti-Muellerian Hormone (AMH)?

1. The testis

2. The vas deferens

3. The pituitary gland

4. The hypothalamus

1. The testis

Which hormone causes the differentiation of the Wolffian duct into the internal structures of the male reproductive system?

Testosterone

In the male reproductive system Androgen-binding protein

1. Is produced by the Sertoli cells.

2. Is produced by the Leydig cells.

3. Serves to bind testosterone and concentrate it in the seminiferous tubules.

4. Both a and c

5. Both b and c

4. Both a and c

During the early to mid-follicular phase of the ovarian cycle what produce Anti-Muellerian Hormone (AMH)?

1. The thecal cells

2. The granulosa cells

3. The pituitary gland

4. The Leydig cells

B. Granulosa cells

Which hormones does the corpus luteum produce during the early to mid-luteal phase of the ovarian cycle??

1. Estrogens

2. Progesterone

3. Inhibin

4. All of the above

5. Only a and b

4. All the above

Which hormone causes a 0.3-0.5° C spike in body temperature during the early to mid-luteal phase of the ovarian cycle?

1. Progesterone

2. Estrogen

3. Inhibin

4. FSH

5. LH

1. Progesterone