MOCE & Benign Bone Tumors

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38 Terms

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MOCE

  • Multiple Myeloma

  • Osteosarcoma

  • Chondrosarcoma

  • Ewing’s Sarcoma

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AKA for multiple myeloma

Plasma cell myeloma

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What will plasma cell myeloma cause an overproduction of?

IgG

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What population does multiple myeloma affect?

Older population

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What is the MC presenting symptom of multiple myeloma?

Bone Pain

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What is the MC cause of death for plasma cell myeloma?

Bacterial Infection

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What is the second MC of death for multiple myeloma?

Renal Failure

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What are the two name signs that are affected by plasma cell myeloma?

Punched-out lesions and Raindrop skull

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What is the hallmark finding for plasma cell myeloma?

Reversed A/G ratio

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What are some of the finding that you would find in lab for plasma cell myeloma?

  1. M-protein spike

  2. Bence-jones proteriuria

  3. Anemia

  4. Hypercalcemia

  5. Reversed A/G ratio (Hallmark Finding)

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What is Bence-Jones Proteriuria?

A condition characterized by the presence of free light chains of immunoglobulins in the urine, often associated with plasma cell disorders like multiple myeloma.

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What is M-protein spike lab findings?

Significant increase of monoclonal immunoglobulin in serum or urine, abnormal presence of abnormal clone of plasma cells.

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What is reverse A/G ratio in a lab finding?

The reverse A/G ratio is a laboratory finding where the levels of albumin are lower than the levels of globulin in the serum.

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What is osteosarcoma?

Tumor, bone cancer of mesenchymal cells in medullary cavity, which are long bones.

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What happens to the bone with osteosarcoma?

It causes direct formation of osteoid (Blastic tumor)

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What population of people does osteosarcoma affect?

Young people, especially during the growth phase.

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Why is the metaphysis the MC site for x-ray for osteosarcoma?

Its where bone growth is most active which makes it a prime location for bone tumor development.

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What is seen in labs with those that have osteosarcoma?

Elevated alkaline phosphatase

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What is elevated alkaline phosphatase?

A biochemical marker measuring the enzyme levels in the bloodstream. It indicates increased bone turnover or liver dysfunction (Cirrhosis, hepatitis, liver cancer)

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What is chondrosarcoma?

A rare malignant tumor arising from cartilage and affects the cartilaginous end plates and annulus fibrosis.

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Where does chondrosarcoma most commonly affects?

Pelvis and Femur

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What population of people does chondrosarcoma affect?

Older people, 40 - 60.

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What are signs that show up on x-ray with chondrosarcoma? (3)

  1. Endosteal scalloping inside bone

  2. Mottled Calcification of tumor matrix

  3. Laminated or Spiculated Periosteal Response *Onion Skin Periosteum*

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What is Ewing’s Sarcoma?

Tumor of primitive stem cells, that occurs in and around the bones.

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What group of people does Ewing’s Sarcoma affect?

Young people around the age of 10-20 years old.

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How does Ewing’s Sarcoma like to appear?

Like an infection with redness and swelling

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What are seen in x-rays with Ewing’s Sarcoma? (2)

  1. Lytic & Sclerotic Lesions

  2. Cortical Saucerization

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What is lytic vs sclerotic?

Lytic is areas where bone is destroyed and sclerotic is where there is an increase in bone density since increase in bone growth in area

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What is a name sign associated with Ewing’s sarcoma?

Onion Skin Periosteum

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What is onion skin periosteum?

Laminated periosteum response

Chondrosarcoma has this response as well

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What is osteochondroma?

Hereditary multiple exostosis, MANY throughout the body.

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What is the AKA osteochondroma?

Exostosis

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What are the characteristic of exotosis?

Painless and not destructive

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What is the name sign associated with osteochondroma?

Coat hanger exotosisWhat

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T/F Osteochondroma cannot degenerate to chondrosarcoma.

FALSE, it CAN degenerate to chondrosarcoma.

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What is coat hanger exostosis?

Where the pedunculated exostosis is pointing up and away from joint line.

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What is hemangioma?

MC primary benign tumor of axial skeleton

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