ecology gr 9 science

Ecology

The study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment.

Biotic Factors

Living components of an ecosystem, such as algae, moss, and animals.

Abiotic Factors

Non-living components of an ecosystem, including rocks, soil, air, and water.

Symbiosis

Interactions between two organisms where at least one benefits.

Mutualism

A type of symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit.

Predation

An interaction where one organism (predator) eats another (prey).

Competition

When two organisms want the same resource, such as food or habitat.

Sustainable Ecosystems

Ecosystems that maintain ecological balance over time.

Sustainability

The ability to maintain ecological balance and health over time.

Photosynthesis

The process by which plants convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar using light energy.

Producers

Organisms that make their own food, starting point of a food web.

Consumers

Organisms that cannot make their own food and must eat other organisms.

Decomposers

Organisms that break down organic matter into simpler substances, such as fungi and bacteria.

Scavengers

Carnivores that consume dead animals, such as vultures.

Carbon Cycle

The process involving the conversion of carbon between the atmosphere, organisms, and the earth.

Lithosphere

The hardest part of the earth's surface, including the crust and upper mantle.

Hydrosphere

All the water found on Earth.

Atmosphere

The layers of gases that surround the Earth.

Biosphere

The regions of Earth where living organisms exist.

Eutrophication

Nutrient-driven algal blooms resulting from excess phosphorus in water bodies.