Med Term Unit 1

Organization of the body

Body is composed of systems, systems are composed of organs, organs are composed of tissues, and tissues are composed of cells.

abdomin/o

abdomen

adip/o

fat

aer/o

air

anter/o

front

brachi/o

arm

bucc/o

cheeck

cardi/o

heart

caud/o

tail

cephal/o

head

cervic/o

neck

chondr/o

cartilage

crani/o

skull

crin/o

to secrete

crur/o

leg

cutane/o

skin

cyt/o

cell

derm/o

skin

dist/o

away from

dors/o

back

enter/o

small intestine

epitheli/o

epithelium

gastr/o

stomach

glute/o

buttock

hal/o

to breathe

hist/o

tissue

immun/o

protection

infer/o

below

inguin/o

groin

laryng/o

larynx

later/o

side

lingu/o

tongue

lumb/o

loin(low back)

lymph/o

lymph

medi/o

middle

muscul/o

muscle

nephr/o

kidney

neur/o

nerve

ophthalm/o

eye

orth/o

straight

or/o

mouth

ot/o

ear

pariet/o

cavity wall

ped/o

foot

pelv/o

pelvis

paritone/o

peri-toneum

pleur/o

pleura

poster/o

back

proct/o

rectum and anus

proxim/o

near to

pub/o

genital region

pulmon/o

lung

rect/o

rectum

rhin/o

nose

spin/o

spine

super/o

above

thec/o

sheath(meninges)

thorac/o

chest

topic/o

a specific area

ur/o

urine

urin/o

urine

vagin/o

vagina

vascul/o

blood vessel

ven/o

vein

ventr/o

belly

vertebr/o

vertebra

viscer/o

internal organ

cyt/o

cell

-logy

study of

-plasm

formation

Scientist that first saw cells

Robert Hooke 300 years ago

Histology

the study of tissue

4 types of tissue

muscular, epithelial, connective, and nervous

epitheli/o

eputhelium

hist/o

tissue

function of muscular tissue

produces movement in the body through the contraction(shortening in length) and is composed of individual muscle cells called muscle fibers

3 basic types of muscles

skeletal, smooth, and cardiac

where is cardiac muscle

only the heart

function of skeletal muscle

attaches to bone

where is smooth muscle

internal organs, such as the intestine, uterus, and blood vessels

what is epithelium composed of

close-packed cells that form the covering for and lining of body structures

function of special epithelial tissues

absorb substances, secrete substances, or excrete wastes

epi

on top of

theli/o

nipple

what is connective tissue

the supporting and protecting tissue in body structures

examples of connective tissue functions

bone(provides structural support for the whole body), cartilage(shock absorber in joints), tendons(tightly connect skeletal muscles to bones), and adipose(provides protective padding around body structures

integumentary system sturctures

skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands

integumentary system functions

forms protective two-way barrier; aids in temp. regulation

musculoskeletal system structures

bones, joints, and muscles

musculoskeletal system functions

skeleton supports and protects body, forms blood cells, and stores minerals; muscles produce movement

cardiovascular system structures

heart, arteries, and veins

cardiovascular system functions

pumps blood throughout entire body to transport nutrients, oxygen, and wastes

blood (hematic system) structures

plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets

blood (hematic system) functions

transports oxygen, protects against pathogens, and controls bleeding

lymphatic system structures

lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus gland, and tonsils

lymphatic system functions

protects body from disease and invasion from pathogens

respiratory system structures

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, and lungs

respiratory system functions

obtains oxygen from the environment and removes carbon dioxide from the body

digestive or gastrointestinal system structures

oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and salivary glands

digestive or gastrointestinal system functions

ingests, digests, and absorbs nutrients for the body