Church History - Final Chapter 5 & 6

What did the Renaissance emphasize?

the pleasures of life, glorified the human body, and celebrated education

What is humanism?

A cultural and intellectual movement of the Renaissance that emphasized the rediscovery of the literature, art, and civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome.

How did the features of the Renaissance support the work of the Church?

painters, sculptors, writers, and musicians used artistic expression to emphasize Christian principles

What is Christian Humanism?

to combine the revived interest in humanity with the Christian faith.

Martin Luther

95 Thesis, posted in 1517, led to religious reform in Germany, denied papal power and absolutist rule. Claimed there were only 2 sacraments: baptism and communion.

Johann Tetzel

throughout Germany to sell indulgences using slogans

Pope Leo X

- issued Exsurge Domine (Arise, O Lord): Against the Errors of Martin Luther and His Followers.

- formal decree of Luther's excommunication, titled Decet Romanum Pontificem was put in place on January 3, 1521

King Henry VIII

be called a reformer because the pope would not allow him to divorce his wife

act of supremacy

What is the Protestant Reformation?

grew out of Martin Luther's concern for abuses within the Church, but ultimately led to a division of the Church

What is the Catholic Reformation?

the response of the Catholic Church to the protests of Martin Luther and others who had separated from the Church.

What is an indulgence?

offer the Christian faithful a way to do something good as penance for sins

What are the two types of indulgences?

partial-

plenary-

partial indulgences

reduces the time of purification or punishment that one otherwise will suffer in purgatory

plenary indulgences

removes or eliminates this time or purification all together

What is purgatory?

Process purification for death, that makes us ready for heaven

What action was the catalyst for the Protestant Reformation?

95 theses

Why did Luther write the 95 Theses?

The theses protested the sale of indulgences and outlined Luther's teaching on justification by faith alone.

-Luther wanted to invite a debate between theologians, not challenge the Church.

What were Luther's three main concerns in 95 theses?

1. indulgences

2. corrupt practices of some members of the clergy

3. widespread ignorance of the laity in matters of faith

What did the Edict of Worms identify Luther as?

heretic

Why was Martin Luther Excommunicated?

admitted he did not recognize the authority of the pope,

Why was the Council of Trent called?

to address the Protestant Reformation and reaffirm Catholic doctrine

What were the two primary goals of the council of trent?

1. acknowledge and reform problems of clergy and religious life

2. clearly state church doctrine