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science
the knowledge obtained by observing natural events and conditions in order to discover facts and formulate laws or principles that can be verified or tested
chemistry
the scientific study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes that matter undergoes
chemical
any substance that has a defined composition
mass
a measure of the amount of matter in the object
matter
anything that has mass and takes up space
atom
the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical properties of that element
element
a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means; all atoms of an ___ have the same atomic number
compound
a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds
extensive property
a property that depends on the extent or size of system
intensive property
a property that does not depend on the amount of matter present, such as pressure, temperature, or density
physical property
a characteristic of a substance that does not involve a chemical change, such as density, color, or hardness
physical change
a change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties
change of state
the change of a substance from one physical state to another
solid
the state of matter in which the volume and shape of a substance are fixed
liquid
the state of matter that has a definite volume but not a definite shape
gas
a form of matter that does not have a definite volume or a definite shape
plasma
a collection of charged particles that shows some characteristics of a gas but that differs from a gas in being a good conductor of electricity and in being affected by a magnetic field
chemical property
a property of matter that describes a substance’s ability to participate in chemical reactions
chemical change
a change that occurs when one or two substances change into entirely new substances with different properties
chemical reaction
the process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances
reactant
a substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reacture
product
a substance that forms in a chemical reaction
mixture
A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
homogenous
Describes something that has a uniform structure or composition throughout
solution
a homogenous mixture of two or more substances uniformly dispersed throughout a single phase
heterogenous
composed of dissimilar components
pure substance
a sample of matter, either a single element or a single compound, that has definite chemical and physical properties
group
a vertical column of elements in the periodic table; elements in a _ share chemical properties
family
a vertical column of the periodic table (synonym: group)
period
in chemistry, a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table
metal
an element that is shiny and that conducts heat and electricity well
nonmetal
an element that conducts heat and electricity poorly and that does not form positive ions in an electrolytic solution
metalloid
an element that has properties of both elements and nonmetals; sometimes referred to as a semiconductor