Structures and Functions of the Thigh

Identify the Nerves and their corresponding nerve levels indicated on this Anterior view of the Pelvis: Lumbar Plexus

A. Subcostal n (T12)

B: Iliophypogastric n (L1)

C: Ilioinguinal n, (L2) 

D: Lateral Cutaneous n. of the Thigh (L2-L3)

E: Femoral n (L2-L4) 

F: Genitofemoral n. (L1-L2) 

G: Obturator n. (L2-L4) 

H: Lumbosacral Trunk (L4-L5)

 

Identify the Nerves and their corresponding nerve levels indicated on this Anterior view of the Pelvis: Sacral Plexus

A. L4 Nerve Root

B: L5 Nerve Root

C: Lumbosacral Trunk (L4-L5)

D: S1 Nerve Root

E: S2 Nerve Root

F: S3 Nerve Root

G: S4 Nerve Root

H: Sciatic n. (L4-S3)

Try and Identify the nerves and nerve roots of he Lumbarsacral Plexus 

A: Iliohypogastric n (L1)

B: Ilioinguinal n. (L1)

C: Lateral Cutaneous n. of the Thigh (L2-L3) 

D: Femoral n. (L1-L4). 

E: Geniofemoral n. (L1-L2) 

F: Obturator n. (L2-L4) 

G: Lumbosacral trunk (L4-L5) 

H: Sciatic n. (L4-S3)

I: Genitofemoral n. (L1-L2).

Identify the indicated muscles that make up the Iliopsoas Muscle

A: Psoas Major m

B: Iliacus m.

=

C: Iliopsoas m.

Identify the structures indicated of this Anterior View of the Thigh’s Femoral Triangle

A.: N: Femoral N.

B: A: Femoral A.

C: V: Femoral V.

D: L: Lymphatics (deep: not shown).

Identify the indicated structures on this Anterior View of the Thighs Femoral Triangle Boarders

A: Inguinal Lig. 

B: Sartorius m. 

C: Adductor longus m. 

Contents (lateral to medial) 

1. N: Femoral n.

2. A: Femoral a.

3. V: Femoral v.

4. L: Lymphatics

Identify the muscles on this Anterior View of the thigh

A: Rectus Femoris m 

B: Vastus medialis m. 

C: Vastus Lateralis m. 

D: Quadricepes tendon m. 

E: Sartorius m. 

F: Tensor Fascia Lata m. 

G: Iliotibial Tract 

H: Pectineus m. 

I: Adductor Longus m.

J: Gracilis m. 

Identify the structures on this Anterior View of the thigh’s Adductors

A: Pectineus

B: Adductor longus m. (cut)

C: Adductor Brevis m.

D: Adductor Magnus m.

E: Gracilis m.

Identify the structures on this Anterior View of the thigh’s Adductors

A: Pectineus

B: Adductor longus m. (cut)

C: Adductor Brevis m. (cut)

D: Adductor Magnus m.

E: Obturator n. 

F: Gracilis m.

Identify the structures on this Anterior View of the thigh’s Adductors

A: Pectineus m.

B. Obtruator externus.

C: Adductor longus m. (cut)

D: Adductor Brevis m. (cut)

E: Adductor Magnus m.

F: Gracilis m.

G: Obturator n. 

Identify the structures from this Medial View of the thigh’s Femoral Artery 

A: Femoral a. 

B: Popliteal a. 

C: Adductor Hiatus 

Identify the structures from this Anterior View of the thigh’s Femoral Artery 

A: Femoral a. 

B: Deep Femoral a. 

Identify the structures from this Anterior View of the thigh’s Lateral Femoral Circumflex Artery & Branches 

A: Lateral Femoral Circumflex a. 

B: Transverse Branch 

C: Descending Branch 

(Ascending branch not shown). 

Identify the muscles of the Posterior Region of the thigh

A: Biceps femoris m. 

B: Semitendinosus m. 

C: Semimembranosus m. 

D: Gracilis m. 

E: Gluteus maximus m. 

Neurovasculature: 

F: Sciatic n. 

G: Common fibular n. 

H. Tibial n.

Identify the muscles of the Posterior Thigh’s Hamstrings

A. Semimembranosus m. 

B. Semitendinosus m. 

C. Biceps femoris m. (longhead)

Identify the muscles of the Posterior Thigh

A: Biceps femoris m. (long head) 

B: Biceps femoris m. (short head) 

C: Semitendinosus m. 

D: Semimembranosus m.

E: Gluteus maximus m.

F: Iliotibial Tract

A lesion of “D” will cause what impairment

Loss of sensation on the lateral aspect of the thigh

A lesion to “G'“ results in weakness of what movement of the lower leg? 

Adduction (obturator nerve)

“H” splits into what 2 major nerves of the lower extremity 

Common fibular n. & tibial n.

Name 2 muscles that share an action with “C”

Sartorius (hip flexion); Rectus femoris (hip flexion)

Quadratus femoris (external rotation); other external rotators 

What are the borders of the Femoral Triangle? 

Superior: Inguinal ligament

Lateral: Sartorius mm

Medial: Adductor Longus mm. 

What are all the actions of “C”? Think about the force vectors at each joint

Hip flexion; Hip ER; hip abduction

Flexion at the knee 

Which muscle lies just deep to “A”? What is the distal attachment of this muscle?

Quadriceps femoris vastus intermedius; Attaches on the Tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament.

What muscles share the same insertion as “E”? 

Gracilis insertion: Pes anserinus shared with the sartorius and semitendinosus 

What causes “B”? 

Adductor Hiatus: Created by a gap in the adductor magnus 

“A” turns into what artery after passing through the adductor hiatus

The femoral artery is termed the popliteal artery after passing through adductor hiatus

Which muscle pictured are considered “hamstrings”?

A. Biceps femoris loghead

B. Semitendinosus

C: Semimembranosus

What makes a “True” Hamstring

Has an attachment on the ischeal tuberosity 

Acts on both the hip and the knee joint 

Innervated by the tibial division of the sciatic nerve 

Posterior Compartment: Function, origin/attachment, & nerve innervation of the - Biceps Femoris (Long Head)

True hamstring 

Function: Knee Flexion & hip extension

Origin/Attachment: Ischial tuberosity → fibular head on lower leg.

Nerve: Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)

Posterior Compartment: Function, origin/attachment, & nerve innervation of the - Biceps Femoris (Short Head) 

False hamstring

Function: Knee flexion

Origin/Attachment: Posterior Femur → Fibular head

Nerve: Fibular division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)

Posterior Compartment: Function, origin/attachment, & nerve innervation of the - Semitendinosus

True Hamstring

Function: Knee flexion, hip extension, internal rotation

Origin/Attachment: Ischial tuberosity → “pes anserinus” anterior/medial tibia  

Nerve: Tibial division sciatic nerve (L5-S2)

Posterior Compartment: Function, origin/attachment, & nerve innervation of the - Semimembranosus 

True Hamstring

Function: Hip extension, knee flexion, & internal rotation

Origin/Attachment: Ischial tuberosity → post/medial tibia 

Nerve: Tibial division sciatic nerve (L5-S2)

Flow of blood through the lower limbs

Anterior Compatment: Function, origin/attachment, & nerve innervation of the - Psoas Major

Function: Hip external rotation, hip flexion, flex trunk

Origin/Attachment: Lumbar spine (T12-L5) → Lesser trochanter

Nerve: Ventral Rami (L1-L3)

Anterior Compartment: Function, origin/attachment, & nerve innervation of the - Iliacus

Function: Hip flexion/Hip extension 

Origin/Attachment: Iliac Fossa → Lesser trochanter 

Nerve: Femoral n. (L2-L3)

Anterior Compartment: Function, origin/attachment, & nerve innervation of the - Sartorius

Function: Knee flexion, hip flexion, hip external rotation

Origin/Attachment: ASIS → Pes Anserineus

Nerve: Femoral Nerve (L2-L3)

Anterior Compartment (Quad Muscle): Function, origin/attachment, & nerve innervation of the - Rectus Femoris

Function: Hip flexion, knee extension

Origin/Attachment: AIIS → Tibial tuberosity

Nerve: Femoral n. (L2-L4)

Anterior Compartment (Quad Muscle): Function, origin/attachment, & nerve innervation of the - Vastus Intermedius

Function: Knee extension

Origin/Attachment: Anterior femur → Tibial Tuberosity

Nerve: Femoral n. (L2-L4)

Anterior Compartment (Quad Muscle): Function, origin/attachment, & nerve innervation of the - Vastus Lateralis

Function: Knee Extension

Origin/Attachment: P. Lateral femur → tibial tuberosity 

Nerve: Femoral n. (L2-L4)

Medial Compartment of Thigh: Function, origin/attachment, & nerve innervation of the - Pectineus

Function: Hip Adduction

Origin/Attachment: Pubic Bone → Posterior/medial femur 

Nerve: Femoral n. (L2-L3)

Medial Compartment of Thigh: Function, origin/attachment, & nerve innervation of the - Adductor Longus

Function: Hip Adduction

Origin/Attachment: Pubic Bone → Posterior/medial femur 

Nerve: Obturator n. (L2-L4)

Medial Compartment of Thigh: Function, origin/attachment, & nerve innervation of the - Adductor Brevis 

Function: Hip Adduction

Origin/Attachment: Body of pubis & inf. pubic ramus → Posterior/medial femur 

Nerve: Obturator n. (L2-L3)

Medial Compartment of Thigh: Function, origin/attachment, & nerve innervation of the - Gracilis

Function: Hip Adduction

Origin/Attachment: Pubic Bone → Pes anerious 

Nerve: Obturator n. (L2-L3)

Medial Compartment of Thigh: Function, origin/attachment, & nerve innervation of the - Adductor Magnus 

Function: Hip Adduction

Origin/Attachment: Pubic Bone → Pes anerious 

Nerve: Obturator n. (L2-L3)