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As a result of the Embargo Act of 1807, the American economy
Select one:
A. fell into a slump and the American gross national product dropped by 5 percent.
B. suffered little damage because American merchants ordered their ships to trade only between neutral ports.
C. suffered little damage because northeastern merchants smuggled their goods out through Canada.
D. suffered considerably less damage than did the economies of both France and Britain.
A. fell into a slump and the American gross national product dropped by 5 percent.
Jefferson's administration demonstrated its disagreement with Hamilton's philosophy by
Select one:
A. reducing the protective tariff.
B. implementing the Embargo Act.
C. ending the excise tax.
D. abolishing the national bank.
C. ending the excise tax.
Which of the following statements characterizes federal land price policies in the Northwest Territory during 1790-1820?
Select one:
A. Jeffersonian Republicans passed laws that made it easier for farm families to buy land.
B. The Federalist administrations dropped the minimum price per acre in order to encourage speculators to purchase larger tracts of land.
C. Jeffersonian Republicans doubled the price per acre to discourage speculators from buying up most of the federal land.
D. Jeffersonian Republicans raised the price to $2 per acre and the minimum purchase requirement to 320 acres.
A. Jeffersonian Republicans passed laws that made it easier for farm families to buy land.
Which of the following statements characterizes the American reaction to the French Revolution?
Select one:
A. Many Americans praised the egalitarianism of the French republicans and began to address one another as "citizen."
B. Strongly religious Americans praised the new French government because of its embrace of traditional Christianity.
C. Only American politicians welcomed the French Revolution and the creation of a more democratic republic in 1792.
D. The majority of Americans ignored it, thankful that they were separated from European turmoil by the Atlantic Ocean.
A. Many Americans praised the egalitarianism of the French republicans and began to address one another as "citizen."
Which of the following was an outcome of the postwar election of 1818?
Select one:
A. Federalists were soundly beaten, with the Republicans winning margins of approximately five to one in both the Senate and House of Representatives.
B. Federalists and Republicans officially disbanded their parties, announcing that "the time for partisan politics had ended."
C. The Federalists exploited voters' discontent with the economic downturn and the War of 1812, making strong gains in the House and regaining control of the Senate.
D. Federalist Governor Morris of New York astonished the country by announcing himself an enthusiastic Republican and winning election to the Senate.
A. Federalists were soundly beaten, with the Republicans winning margins of approximately five to one in both the Senate and House of Representatives.
Alexander Hamilton's 1789 financial plan for the United States included which of the following items?
Select one:
A. A progressive system of personal income taxes
B. The elimination of the U.S. national debt
C. The federal government's assumption of state war debts
D. The eradication of paper currency
C. The federal government's assumption of state war debts
Approval by Congress and ratification by the states of the Bill of Rights had which of the following outcomes?
Select one:
A. An easing of Americans' fears of an oppressive national government
B. The establishment of a clear formula for balancing state and federal power
C. A guarantee of all men's right to vote for their political leaders
D. The Constitution became the nation's legal and political foundation
A. An easing of Americans' fears of an oppressive national government
In 1801, Jefferson responded to the Barbary States' threats against American shipping by
Select one:
A. announcing that it was too expensive to maintain the navy that the Federalists had built to deal with this threat and that it would be cheaper to pay a higher tribute.
B. refusing tribute payments, retaliating against renewed Barbary attacks, then working out a diplomatic solution involving much lower tribute payments.
C. ordering a naval bombardment and the landing of U.S. Marines, who destroyed the Barbary States' capacity to harass American shipping.
D. "showing the flag" through a token bombardment of the Barbary States but, in the end, continuing to pay the same tribute.
B. refusing tribute payments, retaliating against renewed Barbary attacks, then working out a diplomatic solution involving much lower tribute payments.
In which of the following actions did President James Madison contradict the traditional philosophy of Republicans?
Select one:
A. Supporting the creation of the Second Bank of the United States
B. Approving the Judiciary Act of 1801
C. Endorsing and signing Henry Clay's Bonus Bill
D. Cutting the federal budget significantly
A. Supporting the creation of the Second Bank of the United States
Indians ceded much of Ohio and acknowledged American political sovereignty in which of the following treaties?
Select one:
A. Treaty of Greenville
B. Treaty of Paris
C. Treaty of Ghent
D. Jay Treaty
A. Treaty of Greenville
John Marshall's decisions upheld the principle of
Select one:
A. the supremacy of national laws over state laws.
B. social welfare.
C. limited government.
D. states' rights.
A. the supremacy of national laws over state laws.
The 1783 Treaty of Paris addressed Native Americans living in the Old Northwest in which of the following ways?
Select one:
A. The treaty established tribal homelands west of the Appalachians.
B. It assigned control of all tribes to a joint British-American agency.
C. It stipulated that Native tribes would be supervised by the British until 1793.
D. The treaty did nothing to protect Indian lands or independence.
D. The treaty did nothing to protect Indian lands or independence.
The critical disagreement that led to the emergence of political parties in the mid-1790s was based on which of the following issues?
Select one:
A. Hamilton's financial plan
B. Slavery
C. Interstate trade
D. Jay's Treaty
A. Hamilton's financial plan
The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, which were set forth in 1798, supported which of the following positions?
Select one:
A. The defeat of Hamilton's debt payment program
B. Repealing the neutrality laws of the 1790s
C. States' right to judge the legitimacy of national laws
D. The right of secession for states dissatisfied with the Union
C. States' right to judge the legitimacy of national laws
The Naturalization, Alien, and Sedition Acts had which of the following outcomes in the United States in the 1790s?
Select one:
A. It became illegal to publish insults or malicious attacks against Congress or the president.
B. The residency requirement for American citizenship was shortened from fourteen years to five years.
C. The John Adams administration jailed over a thousand pro-Republican newspaper editors.
D. Democratic ideals embodied in the Declaration of Independence were strengthened dramatically.
A. It became illegal to publish insults or malicious attacks against Congress or the president.
The prophet Tenskwatawa was historically significant for which of the following activities?
Select one:
A. Tenskwatawa led a coalition of Indians to resettle in Canada under British protection.
B. He urged Native Americans to assimilate and adopt the superior technology of westerners.
C. Tenskwatawa urged Indian peoples to work together and to shun the ways of Americans.
D. He signed a peace treaty with Indiana's governor to allow his people to live on a large reservation.
C. Tenskwatawa urged Indian peoples to work together and to shun the ways of Americans.
The southern migrants who moved along the coastal plain toward the Gulf of Mexico between 1790 and 1820 originated in which of the following areas?
Select one:
A. North and South Carolina
B. The Chesapeake region
C. New England
D. Upstate New York and central Pennsylvania
A. North and South Carolina
Thomas Jefferson's vision for the future of the United States included which of the following ideas?
Select one:
A. Industrialized urban centers at the forefront of the Industrial Revolution
B. A rejection of scientific farming in favor of agricultural traditionalism
C. Western territories populated by independent yeomen farm families
D. Expansion of the institution of slavery to the West
C. Western territories populated by independent yeomen farm families
To win votes for his financial plan, Hamilton made which of the following concessions?
Select one:
A. Agreeing to support Jefferson in the 1796 presidential election
B. Supporting a high tariff on foreign cotton
C. Raising the price of western lands sold by the government to settlers
D. Proposing that the nation's new capitol be built in the Upper South
D. Proposing that the nation's new capitol be built in the Upper South
Washington's Secretary of War, Henry Knox, favored which of the following approaches to Native Americans?
Select one:
A. Assimilation
B. Relocation
C. Appeasement
D. Extermination
A. Assimilation
What was the immediate cause of the illegal duel in which Vice President Aaron Burr killed Alexander Hamilton in 1804?
Select one:
A. Hamilton's decision to support Jefferson and oppose Burr in the 1800 election
B. Hamilton's accusation that Burr was aiding a plot to destroy the Union
C. Hamilton's affair with Burr's wife
D. Burr's accusation that Hamilton was leading a Federalist secession plot
B. Hamilton's accusation that Burr was aiding a plot to destroy the Union
Which of the following best characterizes the Native American response to whites' assimilation efforts in the Midwest in the late eighteenth century?
Select one:
A. Most Indian women accepted white farming practices because they could produce a greater yield more easily.
B. Many Native Americans repudiated white missionaries and forced Christian converts to participate in native rituals.
C. Nearly all Native Americans accommodated to these campaigns to avoid future warfare with whites.
D. Nearly all Native Americans joined religions such as that of Handsome Lake, which blended Christian and native beliefs and rituals.
B. Many Native Americans repudiated white missionaries and forced Christian converts to participate in native rituals.
Which of the following cases is properly paired with its corresponding decision?
Select one:
A. Gibbons v. Ogden—national government controls interstate commerce
B. Fletcher v. Peck—states may not tax federal institutions
C. McCullough v. Maryland—sanctity of contract
D. Dartmouth College v. Woodward—judicial review
A. Gibbons v. Ogden—national government controls interstate commerce
Which of the following describes Jay's Treaty of 1795?
Select one:
A. The treaty upheld Americans' right to ship French goods on American ships.
B. It required the British to withdraw their troops from forts in the Northwest Territory.
C. It required British merchants to fully compensate Americans who had prewar claims.
D. The treaty established the pro-French direction of American foreign policy.
B. It required the British to withdraw their troops from forts in the Northwest Territory.
Which of the following describes Jefferson's approach to the opportunity to purchase Louisiana in 1802?
Select one:
A. Jefferson delayed so that he could obtain a constitutional amendment allowing presidential land purchases.
B. In keeping with his strict constructionist view of the Constitution, Jefferson jumped on the opportunity.
C. Unsure of the extent of his presidential powers, Jefferson procrastinated until Congress forced him to act.
D. The opportunity led Jefferson to revise his view of the presidential powers granted by the Constitution.
D. The opportunity led Jefferson to revise his view of the presidential powers granted by the Constitution.
Which of the following events was the Federalists' response to the Republicans' criticism of their policies in the 1790s?
Select one:
A. The XYZ Affair
B. The Alien and Sedition Acts
C. War with France
D. The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
B. The Alien and Sedition Acts
Which of the following factors made the critical contribution to the Federalist Party's downfall?
Select one:
A. The establishment of a national bank
B. Washington's principle of neutrality
C. The adoption of many of their policies by Republicans
D. Their failure to pay off the national debt
C. The adoption of many of their policies by Republicans
Which of the following individuals would have been unlikely to gravitate toward the Republicans in the late 1790s?
Select one:
A. New England subsistence farmer
B. South Carolina rice plantation owner
C. Scots-Irish settler in Tennessee
D. Wealthy New York banker
D. Wealthy New York banker
Which of the following is true of the U.S. election of 1796?
Select one:
A. Jefferson refused the pleadings of Republicans to stand for election.
B. Republicans won a majority in the House of Representatives and Senate.
C. President Washington wanted to seek a third term on the Federalist ticket.
D. John Adams won the vote and continued a pro-British foreign policy.
D. John Adams won the vote and continued a pro-British foreign policy.
Which of the following phrases describes the federal judiciary at the time Thomas Jefferson became president in 1801?
Select one:
A. Understaffed and lacking direction
B. Packed with hostile Federalists
C. Dominated by impartial judges
D. Sympathetic to the Republican Party
B. Packed with hostile Federalists
Which of the following served as a catalyst for the 1794 domestic insurgency known as the Whiskey Rebellion?
Select one:
A. The Panic of 1793
B. High interest rates
C. An excise tax
D. Farm foreclosures
C. An excise tax
Which of the following statements describes actions the first congressional government undertook in 1789?
Select one:
A. George Washington asked Congress to abolish the departments of foreign affairs, finance, and war.
B. George Washington established a cabinet--or body of advisors--and an administrative bureaucracy under the president's control.
C. The Judiciary Act of 1789 established thirteen district courts whose decisions would not be subject to review by the Supreme Court.
D. The Judiciary Act of 1789 gave state courts jurisdiction over federal issues.
B. George Washington established a cabinet--or body of advisors--and an administrative bureaucracy under the president's control.
Which of the following statements describes migrants who left New England during the 1790s?
Select one:
A. New Englanders typically relocated to northeastern Ohio.
B. They funded their moves through joint-stock companies.
C. They moved in family or community groups.
D. This group frequently moved to southern states.
C. They moved in family or community groups.
Which of the following statements describes the Federalists' response to the War of 1812?
Select one:
A. Almost all Federalists supported the war out of patriotism and a desire to acquire eastern Canada from Britain.
B. Most Federalists reluctantly supported the war because public opinion favored it and they wanted to win in the upcoming midterm elections.
C. Most Federalists strongly opposed the war and some in Massachusetts met to consider amending the Constitution to prevent future such wars.
D. Federalists, such as Daniel Webster, welcomed the high tariff brought by the war because it would help New England industries.
C. Most Federalists strongly opposed the war and some in Massachusetts met to consider amending the Constitution to prevent future such wars.
Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes U.S. relations with France during the late 1790s?
Select one:
A. The United States cut off trade with France and authorized Americans to seize French ships.
B. Americans' gratitude for French aid in the American Revolution led to cordial relations.
C. The expulsion of the French agents known as X, Y, and Z calmed American anti-French sentiments.
D. Continuing hostility toward England led Americans to initiate secret trade relationships with the French.
A. The United States cut off trade with France and authorized Americans to seize French ships.
Which of the following stipulations was included in the Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819?
Select one:
A. Britain reimbursed American shippers for wartime damages.
B. Britain agreed to limit its naval forces in the Great Lakes.
C. Spain ceded Florida to the United States.
D. The 49th parallel became the border between Canada and the United States.
C. Spain ceded Florida to the United States.
Which of the following took place in response to the Jefferson administration's purchase of Louisiana?
Select one:
A. Some New England Federalists devised a plan to secede from the Union and establish a northern confederacy.
B. Southern Federalists conspired with Aaron Burr and General James Wilkinson to capture the region and establish it as a separate nation.
C. Most Federalists became Republicans.
D. Many Native Americans poured into the region.
A. Some New England Federalists devised a plan to secede from the Union and establish a northern confederacy.
Which of the following was true of New Englanders' westward migration during the 1790s and 1800s?
Select one:
A. New Englanders typically bought land in upstate New York from wealthy Dutch owners who were partitioning their vast estates.
B. So many immigrants were eager to sell their new farms and move even farther west that the price of land dropped steadily.
C. Much of the land in the areas where the settlers arrived had already fallen into the hands of politically well-connected speculators.
D. Farmers who had fled declining prospects in the East often found themselves at the top of a new economic hierarchy in the West.
C. Much of the land in the areas where the settlers arrived had already fallen into the hands of politically well-connected speculators.
Which of the following was true of the "Era of Good Feeling"?
Select one:
A. There was apparent political harmony.
B. There was an absence of economic debate in this period.
C. Americans embraced state loyalties rather than national ones.
D. It saw a rise in nationalism and an end to sectionalism.
A. There was apparent political harmony.
Which region of the Union was known for its support of the declaration of war on England in 1812?
Select one:
A. Western and southern states
B. Maritime states
C. New England states
D. Middle Atlantic states
A. Western and southern states
Which statement was true of George Washington's 1793 Proclamation of Neutrality?
Select one:
A. Jefferson and Hamilton disagreed over the need to issue the proclamation.
B. It resulted in France barring American shippers from the West Indies sugar trade.
C. It prevented American merchants from trading with any European country at war.
D. Earnings from shipping rose spectacularly as a result of it.
D. Earnings from shipping rose spectacularly as a result of it.
Who led the conservative Senecas, who condemned assimilation and demanded a return to ancestral customs?
Select one:
A. Tecumseh
B. Lalawethika
C. Tenskwatawa, "The Prophet"
D. Chief Red Jacket
D. Chief Red Jacket
Why did Thomas Jefferson call his election to the presidency the "Revolution of 1800"?
Select one:
A. There was no true majority, so the Supreme Court determined his victory.
B. The government changed peacefully despite bitter partisan conflict and foreign crisis.
C. He subsequently filled the Supreme Court with Republican judges.
D. He removed Federalists and installed all new government officials.
B. The government changed peacefully despite bitter partisan conflict and foreign crisis.
Why did Thomas Jefferson decide to attempt to purchase New Orleans in 1801?
Select one:
A. Spain refused to allow American farmers to ship their products through the port, in violation of the Pinckney Treaty.
B. He feared that racial violence in Haiti would spread to the American continent via French New Orleans.
C. Napoleon Bonaparte had announced a plan to establish a French empire in North America.
D. Great Britain wanted to use the port as a military staging point for its conquest of French and Spanish islands in the Caribbean.
A. Spain refused to allow American farmers to ship their products through the port, in violation of the Pinckney Treaty.
Why did Thomas Jefferson dispatch the Lewis and Clark expedition in 1804?
Select one:
A. He wanted a report on the physical features and the plant and animal life of the Louisiana Territory.
B. He asked them to identify areas into which the Ohio and New York Indian tribes could be relocated.
C. The president needed to lay the groundwork for establishing Indian schools in the region.
D. Jefferson hoped to establish an effective American claim to the Louisiana Territory.
A. He wanted a report on the physical features and the plant and animal life of the Louisiana Territory.
Why was Hamilton's financial plan so controversial?
Select one:
A. The plan neglected the growing importance of manufacturing internationally.
B. It required Congress to recompense those who originally owned Confederation securities.
C. It lined the pockets of wealthy investors and speculators.
D. Its proposed national bank was blatantly unconstitutional.
C. It lined the pockets of wealthy investors and speculators.
Why was Pinckney's Treaty of 1795 significant?
Select one:
A. Through this treaty, the English stopped arming the Indians around the Great Lakes.
B. The treaty opened the Mississippi River and New Orleans to American trade.
C. Through this treaty, Jefferson and Madison negotiated the Louisiana Purchase.
D. The treaty lowered the price of western lands, making them affordable to farmers.
B. The treaty opened the Mississippi River and New Orleans to American trade.
Why was the American victory at the Battle of New Orleans in 1815 significant?
Select one:
A. It restored national pride and made Andrew Jackson an American hero.
B. The battle revealed that most American soldiers did not accept the peace treaty.
C. It showed that American guerilla fighters could still defeat the British troops.
D. The battle persuaded British diplomats finally to sign the peace treaty.
A. It restored national pride and made Andrew Jackson an American hero.
Why was the decision in the case Marbury v. Madison (1803) of great importance in American history?
Select one:
A. In refusing to uphold Marbury's right to his commission, Chief Justice Marshall established an implicit political alliance with President Jefferson.
B. President Jefferson used the public backlash against this decision to purge the federal judiciary of Federalists and to attempt to impeach Chief Justice Marshall.
C. It marked the onset of a period of frequent declarations by the Supreme Court that laws enacted by the Republican-dominated Congress were unconstitutional.
D. It marked the first occasion on which the Supreme Court declared that it had the power to rule national laws unconstitutional.
D. It marked the first occasion on which the Supreme Court declared that it had the power to rule national laws unconstitutional.
Why was Toussaint L'Ouverture a significant figure in the 1790s?
Select one:
A. The leader negotiated with John Jay to create the terms of the Jay Treaty.
B. L'Ouverture solicited a loan and bribe from American diplomats in France.
C. He led black Haitians in their fight to seize control of Saint-Domingue.
D. L'Ouverture became the first president of the new French Republic.
C. He led black Haitians in their fight to seize control of Saint-Domingue.
