Genetics Beyond Mendel Review Flashcards

Flashcards covering vocabulary and concepts for genetics beyond Mendelian inheritance.

Incomplete Dominance

Heterozygotes display a phenotype that is a blend of both homozygous phenotypes

ex. red and white flower produce pink offspring

Codominance

Heterozygotes fully express both alleles simutaneously

ex. human bloodtype AB

Multiple Alleles

More than 2 versions of a gene

X-linked Traits

Genes located on the X chromosome.

Sex Chromosomes and Autosomal Chromosomes

Chromosomes that determine sex (X and Y in humans) and non-sex chromosomes.

Polygenic Traits

Traits from multiple genes.

Punnett Square for Incomplete Dominance and Codominance

Diagram used to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a genetic cross involving incomplete dominance and codominance.

Traits with Multiple Alleles

Examples include human blood type (ABO system) and coat color in some animals.

Traits Controlled by Polygenic Inheritance

Examples include human height, skin color, and eye color.

Possible Genotypes for Blood Types (A, B, AB, O)

A: IAIA or IAi, B: IBIB or IBi, AB: IAIB, O: ii

Why X-linked Traits are More Common in Biological Males

Biological males have only one X chromosome, so a recessive allele on the X chromosome will always be expressed.

Pedigree

Diagram representing family relationships and indicating which individuals have a particular genetic trait.

Strategies for Determining Dominant or Recessive Inheritance in Pedigrees

Look for traits that skip generations (usually recessive) or traits where every affected individual has at least one affected parent (usually dominant).