Chapter 1 (Lesson 5)

Vocabulary flashcards covering dimensional analysis, data interpretation, and related concepts from the lecture notes.

Dimensional Analysis

A problem‑solving method that uses units to guide calculations; include units in every step and cancel them like algebra.

Unit Equation

A statement of two equivalent quantities (e.g., 2.54 cm = 1 in.).

Conversion Factor

A fractional form of a unit equation with the given unit on the bottom and the desired unit on the top; used to convert between units.

Given Unit

The unit you start with when performing a dimensional analysis conversion.

Desired Unit

The unit you aim to obtain after performing the conversion.

Units Raised to a Power

When converting units raised to a power, raise both the numeric factor and the unit to that same power (e.g., cm^2 to in^2).

Mass

A measure of the amount of matter in an object, typically expressed in grams or kilograms.

Volume

The amount of space occupied by a substance; commonly measured in milliliters or cubic centimeters.

Density

Mass per unit volume, calculated as mass divided by volume (e.g., g/mL).

Significant Figures

The digits used to express the precision of a measurement; follow rules to determine how many figures to keep in results.

General Problem-Solving Strategy

Identify the given information and the required quantity, ensure unit consistency, and verify your answer.

Interpreting Data

Analyzing data to draw meaningful conclusions, identify patterns, and make informed decisions based on empirical evidence.

Pattern in Data

A regular, repeatable relationship observed in measurements (e.g., fixed mass ratios between constituents).

Conservation of Mass

In experiments, the total mass of constituents is consistent with the mass of the sample; observed as mass balance in data.

Greenhouse Gas

A gas that traps heat in the Earth's atmosphere; carbon dioxide (CO2) is a common example.

Slope (in Graphs)

The rate of change shown by the line on a graph, calculated as rise over run.