Untitled Flashcards Set

The PNS includes all nerves found outside of the __ and spinal cord.

brain

The sensory division is also known as the __ division that sends impulses from the senses to the CNS.

afferent

The __ division is activated in emergency situations.

sympathetic

The parasympathetic division reduces the __ response and provides a resting function.

sympathetic

The motor division is known as the __ division that sends impulses from the CNS to the muscles and glands.

efferent

The nervous system is the master control system and works with the __ system.

endocrine

Sensory input involves detecting stimuli __ and outside the body.

inside

__ refers to the processing and interpreting of information within the nervous system.

Integration

A response in the nervous system involves the activation of muscles or __.

glands

Major nerve cells include neurons and __, which support and protect neurons.

neuroglia

Neurons conduct impulses around the body, while neuroglia are known as "_."

nerve glue

Neurons have different structures but all have a main __ with processes extending outward.

cell body

The cell body of a neuron contains a __, cytoplasm, and organelles.

nucleus

Dendrites bring impulses __ the cell body.

toward

An __ sends impulses away from the cell body.

axon

Axons end in __ terminals which release neurotransmitters to pass the impulse to the next neuron.

axon

Neurons are classified by the number of __ extending from the cell body.

processes

Neurons can also be classified by their __: afferent, efferent, and interneurons.

function

Afferent neurons carry impulses __ the CNS.

toward

Efferent neurons carry impulses __ the CNS.

away from

__ neurons connect afferent and efferent neurons.

Interneurons

Axons are wrapped in __ which acts like insulation.

myelin

A __ cell wraps itself around the axon to form myelin.

Schwann

The outer layer of the Schwann cell is called the __.

neurilemma

Myelin helps the nerve impulses travel more __.

quickly

The protective wrappings around axons are called the __ sheath.

myelin

Since the myelin sheath is formed by Schwann cells, it has gaps called __ of Ranvier.

nodes

Neuroglial cells within the CNS include astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, and __.

oligodendrocytes

Astrocytes support to capillaries in the CNS.

neurons

Microglia provide _ response to the CNS.

immune

Ependymal cells secrete and circulate __ fluid.

CSF

Oligodendrocytes provide myelin __ to neurons.

insulation

Satellite cells support and anchor __.

neurons

Schwann cells provide __ insulation in the PNS.

myelin

The process of insulation around axons is important for __ conduction.

fast

Neurons can generally be classified into three types based on their function: afferent, efferent, and __ neurons.

interneurons

In the PNS, Schwann cells are essential for the production of __.

myelin

Myelin sheaths help in increasing the speed of __.

nerve impulses

Neuroglial cells are often referred to as the __ of the nervous system.

support cells

Sensory input is crucial for __ the environment inside and outside the body.

detecting

The main cell body of a neuron contains the __, which controls cellular functions.

nucleus

Neuroglial cells do not conduct impulses, but they __ neurons.

support

Nervous tissue is made up primarily of neurons and __ cells.

glial

Neurons transmit signals through __ from one cell to another.

neurotransmitters

The structure of neurons varies, but all share a basic __.

design

Functional classification of neurons includes conducting signals, which can be __ or motor.

sensory

The presence of myelin sheath in neurons allows for __ reaction times.

quicker

Changes within the environment are detected through __ input.

sensory

Neurons communicate with each other via chemical signals using __ released from axon terminals.

neurotransmitters

The integration stage of the nervous system is vital for the __ of stimuli.

interpretation

Responses generated by the nervous system often involve __ and glands.

muscles