UNIT 1 - UNDSELF

What is the philosophical concept of the self according to ancient philosophy?

The self is composed of a 3-Part Soul (Psyche): Reason, Physical Appetite, and Spirit/Passion, emphasizing the importance of self-examination.

What does Socrates mean by 'Know thyself'?

It emphasizes the importance of self-awareness and understanding one's own nature.

What is Hedonism in the context of post-Aristotelian philosophy?

A belief that pleasure is the only good and pain is the only evil, advocating for the maximization of pleasure and minimization of pain.

What is Stoicism?

A philosophy that promotes apathy towards pleasure and embraces adversity to develop resilience and virtue.

What is the focus of medieval philosophy regarding the self?

It is theo-centric, merging philosophy and religion, focusing on life, salvation, and the afterlife.

How did Augustine integrate Platonic ideas with Christianity?

He proposed that the self strives for union with God through faith and reason.

What does St. Thomas Aquinas say about self-knowledge?

Self-knowledge is based on our experiences with the world and the labels we attribute to ourselves from our environment.

What is the significance of the phrase 'The things that we love tell us what we are' according to St. Thomas Aquinas?

It suggests that our values and affections reveal our true identity.

What is the anthropocentric view of the self in modern philosophy?

It emphasizes human experience and rejects excessive reliance on authority, focusing on individual thought and identity.

What is René Descartes' contribution to the understanding of the self?

He posited that the self is a thinking thing, distinct from the body.

What does David Hume argue about the self?

He claims that there is no 'self,' only a bundle of perceptions.

What is the 'Looking Glass Self' concept by Charles Horton Cooley?

It states that a person's self grows out of social interactions and is shaped by how others perceive us.

What does the Johari Window model illustrate?

It enhances self-perception and understanding through the concepts of known and unknown aspects of the self and others.

What is Symbolic Interactionism according to George Herbert Mead?

It posits that the self is created and developed through human interaction, consisting of the 'I' (individual) and the 'Me' (socialized aspect).

What is the role of experience in understanding the self according to St. Thomas Aquinas?

Experience is essential, but knowing what something is requires a long process of understanding.

What does the phrase 'An unexamined life is not worth living' imply?

It suggests that self-reflection and understanding are crucial for a meaningful existence.

What is the main idea of embodied subjectivity in contemporary philosophy?

It combines mind and biology, emphasizing that our lived body is a natural synthesis of both.

How does modern philosophy differ from medieval philosophy in its approach to the self?

Modern philosophy focuses on human experience and rejects the authority of past thinkers, while medieval philosophy merges philosophy with religious beliefs.

What does Immanuel Kant contribute to the understanding of the self?

He views the self as a unifying subject that organizes consciousness and makes experience intelligible.

What does the phrase 'Eat, drink, and be happy. For tomorrow, you will die.' reflect in Epicureanism?

It emphasizes the pursuit of moderate pleasure and contentment in simple things.

What is the significance of the dualistic reality in ancient philosophy?

It refers to the distinction between the body and soul, highlighting the complexity of human existence.

What does the term 'tabula rasa' mean in relation to the self?

It suggests that the mind (self) is a blank slate, shaped by experiences.

What does the concept of 'self-consciousness' entail in modern philosophy?

It refers to the awareness of oneself as an individual distinct from others.

What is the aim of Stoicism in personal development?

To cultivate resilience, happiness, virtue, and wisdom through the acceptance of adversity.

What is the active aspect of the person referred to as?

The 'I'

Who is considered the father of psychoanalysis?

Sigmund Freud

What are the three tiers of the self according to Freud?

Conscious, Preconscious, Unconscious

What does the ID represent in Freud's structure of the self?

The biological self and pleasure-seeking part of personality

What principle does the ID operate under?

Pleasure Principle

What does the SUPEREGO incorporate?

The values and morals of society learned from parents and others

What is the role of the EGO in Freud's model?

To mediate between the demands of the ID and SUPEREGO with reality

What happens when the EGO is weak?

It can lead to anxiety

What are defense mechanisms used for?

To protect the ego from anxiety

What is the Imaginary Audience concept in adolescent psychology?

The belief that others are always watching and evaluating them

What does Self-Concept encompass?

Mental representation of how we look, feel, behave, and our roles in society

How is Self-Esteem defined?

A person's overall sense of self-worth or personal value

What is the difference between Real Self and Ideal Self according to Carl Rogers?

The ideal self may not align with actual experiences, affecting self-actualization

What are the two types of social comparison?

Upward and Downward social comparison

What is Upward Social Comparison?

Comparing oneself to those believed to be better, often to improve oneself

What is Downward Social Comparison?

Comparing oneself to those worse off to feel better about oneself

What is Passive Downward Comparison?

Comparing oneself to a worse-off individual based on previous conditions

What is Active Downward Comparison?

Demeaning others to feel superior and better about oneself

What does Self-Evaluation involve?

Looking for positive traits in oneself based on comparisons with others

What is a Reference Group?

A group used as a standard for evaluating oneself and behavior

What is the challenge in creating identities?

Balancing similarity to a reference group with the need for individuality

What distinguishes the Western Self from the Non-Western Self?

Western self is autonomous and egocentric, while Non-Western self is derived from culture

What does the Individualism-Collectivism model describe?

The contrast between individualistic nature and the interconnectedness of collectivism

What is the view of self in Confucian thought?

The self is embedded in relationships and emphasizes social harmony

What is the main teaching of Buddhism regarding the self?

The self is the source of suffering; one must renounce the self to attain Nirvana

What does Filial Piety emphasize in Confucianism?

Proper actions according to relationships to maintain a harmonious social life

How does Hinduism view the concept of self?

An individual's actions in previous lives determine their current caste