History Unit 1

human rights

rights that should be given to everyone

Cyrus cylinder

-freed slaves
- religious freedom
- made by Cyrus the great

emancipation proclamation

- made by Abe Lincoln
-freed slave

individual rights

people more important than the whole group

collective rights

group as a whole is more important than an individual

civil rights

rights on an individual person

political rights

access to government

economic rights

money, housing, jobs, other economic

legal rights

protection under the law

social rights

groups of people, quality of life

Colonialism

-when countries take over other countries
-control government

UN Charter

-October 24, 1945
-listed the rules/purpose of UN
-San Francisco

UN security council

-Peace-making and security
-15 members 10 (rotate every 2 years)
-5 permanent (russia, US, UK, france, china)
-5 can veto any idea made

UN general assembly

-193 countries (states)
-everyone has one vote
-main policy-making committee

UN Economic and Social council

-developments goals
-deals with economic, social and environmental

Secretariat

day to day business of UN

Trusteeship council

-not active anymore
-did territories and let countries have self-government

International Court of Justice

handles legal disputes between nations

4 groups that protect human rights

-NGO’s (Non-Governmental Organizations)
-UN
-national government
-social movements

Non-governmental Organizations

- amnesty international
-doctors without borders
-red cross/red crescent
(no profit) Work with general public to help problems

Social movments

-BLM
-women rights
-climate change
-equality laws

group(s) of people that strike or protest for their cause

Need one of the other three to help/make a difference

Power 5 - P5

US, UK, Russia, France, China

Veto

permanent members of security council have veto power that they can use to benefit them in war/economic status

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

17 goals the UN hopes to pursue/improve the sustainable life (social, environmental, economic)

Least Developed Country (LDC)

gross domestic product per capita(amount of money/ by amount of people), economic vulnerability, the country don't have all five pillars:
- good education
- peace and security
- access to capita (money and economy)
- rule of law
- equality of opportunity

What events led to the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

World War I & II, the Holocaust, and the atomic bombings

What criticisms were there of the UDHR?

has to much Western Europe/US input

How is the Security Council both “powerful and paralyzed”?

powerful: need it to make laws/peace
paralyzed: the veto power

Why would some people say that the security council favors the wealthy/powerful?

5 permanent members of security council wealthy and powerful

In what ways can a national government pressure other national governments about human rights?

-threaten them
-economic sanctions (penalties)
-cutting of economically

How did the United Nations seek to avoid failing like the League of Nations?

- peacemakers
- US joined

How did sovereignty influence the UN Charter?

Western Europe/US had to much influence (favored individual rights)

How could each group that protects human rights help an ethnic minority being targeted in a developing country?

UN: peacemakers come or they have a decision on that country's behavior and maybe set an economic sanction?

Govt: send in military/police, make laws or borders to stop the problem

NGO: pervade medical assistance, help keep things calm?

Social mvmt: protest, riot, stand up against them.

Universal declaration of human rights

who: US drafting committee/Eleanor Roosevelt
when: 1948
where: Paris
what : nations come together to make 30 human rights (Civil, legal, political, economic, social)
- some debate on individual v collective rights
important: - Beginning of new era of HR to hold countries accountable
- Some argue it ignores different cultures/religions
- Questions about impact of Colonialism on rights - too focused on Western and US values example: (free to trial and religion)
- set standards of how people should be
treated

what caused it: holocaust, atomic bombs, world wars

Why did the League of Nations fail?

-didn’t have an army
-US didn’t join

One of the strengths of the UN is that it can set standards for countries to shoot for. How do the SDGs represent this strength?

- shows effort from the UN to make a difference
- gives hope to humanity that things will be fixed
- pushes countries to make change
- sets goals are countries can achieve

How does the UN help both a developed and developing country?

(Sustainable development goals) so both developed and developing are both growing because the UN are pursuing the goals they are trying to complete.